Eastern Mansi

Extinct Uralic language spoken in Russia

Eastern Mansi
маньсь лынгх^[1] маньсь нялм^[2]^{[failed verification]}^{[note 1]}
Pronunciation	[mɒnʲsʲ lʲɘŋx], [mɒnʲsʲ nʲæləm] ^ⓘ
Native to	Russia
Region	Khanty–Mansi
Extinct	2018, with the death of Maksim Šivtorov^[3]
Language family	Uralic Mansi Eastern Mansi
Dialects	Konda (Middle/Lower/Upper) Yukonda
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
Glottolog	`east2879`
ELP	Eastern Mansi Eastern Mansi
Traditional distribution and current Mansi settlements^[4]^[5]
Eastern Mansi is classified as Extinct according to The Uralic Languages (2023)^[3]
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Eastern Mansi is an extinct member of the Mansi languages, and was spoken in Russia in the Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug around the river Konda. It became extinct in 2018, when its last speaker Maksim Shivtorov (Максим Семенович Шивторов) died.^[3] It has Khanty and Siberian Tatar influence. There is vowel harmony, and for */æː/ it has [œː], frequently diphthongized.

In Russian linguistics, the Konda dialect used to be called the "southern Mansi (Kondinsky) dialect" (Russian: южно-мансийский (кондинский) диалект^[6]) or "eastern Mansi dialect group" (Russian: восточная группа диалектов).^[7]

Alphabet

In the few instances that Eastern Mansi literature was printed and was from the native areas, it used an unchanged Russian-Cyrillic script like this:

The highlighted letters are found in loanwords, except нг which represents a single nasal consonant^[1]^{[better source needed]} and г is substituted with the letter й in some dialects ^{[citation needed]}

А а	Б б	В в	Г г	Д д	Е е	Ё ё
Ж ж	З з	И и	Й й	К к	Л л	М м
Н н	Нг нг	О о	П п	Р р	С с	Т т
У у	Ф ф	Х х	Ц ц	Ч ч	Ш ш	Щ щ
Ъ ъ	Ы ы	Ь ь	Э э	Ю ю	Я я

Dialects

Lower Konda Mansi
Middle Konda Mansi
Upper Konda Mansi
Jukonda Mansi

Phonology

Consonants

Eastern Mansi consonants^[8]
		Labial	Alveolar	(Alveolo-) Palatal	Velar
		Labial	Alveolar	(Alveolo-) Palatal	plain	labialized
Nasals		/m/ м	/n/ н	/nʲ/ нь	/ŋ/¹ нг³
Stops		/p/ п	/t/ т	/tʲ/ ть	/k/ к	/kʷ/ кв
Affricate				/sʲ/ сь
Fricatives	voiceless		/s/ с	/sʲ/ сь	/x/² х	/xʷ/² хв
Fricatives	voiced				/ɣ/¹ г
Semivowels				/j/ й		/w/ в
Laterals			/l/ л	/lʲ/ ль
Trill			/r/ р

Some remarks:

Neither in Middle nor Lower Konda do these appear at the beginning of words.
In Middle Konda it does not appear in the beginning of words, but in Lower Konda it does.
/ŋ/ is also spelled with just н if it comes before к or х. This rule does not include suffixes; like in мынгым /mənɣəm/

Vowels

Eastern Mansi vowels^[8]
	Front		Central	Back
	unrounded	rounded	Central	Back
Close	i ^{K 1}	y, yː ^{K 3}		u, uː ^{K 3}
Close-mid			ɘ, ɘː ^KM	o, oː ^{K 3}
Mid	e ~ i eː^{K 2 3}	ø ^K	(ə) ^K
Near-open	æ, æː ^K
Open	a, aː ^{K 4}			ɒ ~ ɑ ^K

(KM=Present in Middle Konda | KU=Present in Lower Konda | K=Present in both)

Some remarks:

Only present in palatal environments.
It has the allophone /iː/.
Neither in Middle nor Lower Konda do these appear in non-initial syllable positions.
Neither in Middle nor Lower Konda do /aː/ appear in first syllable positions.

Diphthongs

In Middle Konda, the diphthongs are /øæ/ or /øæ̯/ and /oɒ/ found in both first and non-initial syllable positions.

In Lower Konda, the /æø/ diphthong is usually realized as [œ] which is only found in first syllable positions, while /øæ/ is found in both first and non-initial syllable positions.

Notes

^ both mean 'Mansi language'

References

^ ^a ^b Кузакова, Евдокия Александровна, Мансийско-русский словарь. Кондинский диалект мансийского языка [Kuzakova, Evdokiya Aleksandrovna, Mansi-Russian dictionary (Kondinsky dialect of the Mansi language)], Based on the story by P. K. Cheymetov “Ворыяп хумый” (“Two Hunters”) page 36
^ Dictionary of Yukonda [ru] dialect of Mansi, Lingvodoc 3.0 [1]
^ ^a ^b ^c Salminen, Tapani (2023). "Demography, endangerment, and revitalization". In Abondolo, Daniel Mario; Valijärvi, Riitta-Liisa (eds.). The Uralic languages. Routledge Language Family (2nd ed.). London New York: Routledge. p. 102. ISBN 978-1-138-65084-8.
^ Rantanen, Timo; Tolvanen, Harri; Roose, Meeli; Ylikoski, Jussi; Vesakoski, Outi (2022-06-08). "Best practices for spatial language data harmonization, sharing and map creation—A case study of Uralic". PLOS ONE. 17 (6): e0269648. Bibcode:2022PLoSO..1769648R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0269648. PMC 9176854. PMID 35675367.
^ Rantanen, Timo, Vesakoski, Outi, Ylikoski, Jussi, & Tolvanen, Harri. (2021). Geographical database of the Uralic languages (v1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4784188
^ Кузакова Е.А. Южно-мансийский (кондинский) диалект.: автореф. на соискат уч. степ. канд. филол. н. Л., 1963. (in Russian)
^ Ромбандеева 1976.
^ ^a ^b Ob-Ugric database of Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Germany; Phonology of Eastern Mansi [2]

Sources

Ромбандеева, Е. И. (1976). "Мансийский язык". Основы финно-угорского языкознания. Марийский, пермский и угорские языки (in Russian). Москва: Наука. pp. 229–239.
Forsberg, Ulla-Maija (2007). Eastern Mansi (Konda) grammar (PDF). Helsinki: Société Finno-Ougrienne.