GZMM

Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

GZMM
Available structures
PDBHuman UniProt search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes

2ZGC, 2ZGH, 2ZGJ, 2ZKS

Identifiers
AliasesGZMM, LMET1, MET1, granzyme M
External IDsOMIM: 600311; MGI: 99549; HomoloGene: 21099; GeneCards: GZMM; OMA:GZMM - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chromosome 19 (human)
Chr.Chromosome 19 (human)[1]
Chromosome 19 (human)
Genomic location for GZMM
Genomic location for GZMM
Band19p13.3Start544,034 bp[1]
End549,924 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse)
Chromosome 10 (mouse)
Chr.Chromosome 10 (mouse)[2]
Chromosome 10 (mouse)
Genomic location for GZMM
Genomic location for GZMM
Band10 C1|10 39.72 cMStart79,524,854 bp[2]
End79,531,095 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern
Bgee
HumanMouse (ortholog)
Top expressed in
  • granulocyte

  • blood

  • spleen

  • lymph node

  • appendix

  • mucosa of transverse colon

  • thymus

  • cerebellar hemisphere

  • right hemisphere of cerebellum

  • bone marrow
Top expressed in
  • neural layer of retina

  • muscle of thigh

  • morula

  • retinal pigment epithelium

  • interventricular septum

  • olfactory epithelium

  • embryo

  • embryo

  • granulocyte

  • blastocyst
More reference expression data
BioGPS
More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function
  • peptidase activity
  • serine-type peptidase activity
  • endopeptidase activity
  • serine-type endopeptidase activity
  • hydrolase activity
  • protein binding
Cellular component
  • extracellular region
  • membrane
Biological process
  • innate immune response
  • cell death
  • cytolysis
  • proteolysis
  • immune system process
  • apoptotic process
  • T cell mediated cytotoxicity
Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

3004

16904

Ensembl

ENSG00000197540

ENSMUSG00000054206

UniProt

P51124

n/a

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_005317
NM_001258351

NM_008504
NM_001302485
NM_001302499

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001245280
NP_005308

n/a

Location (UCSC)Chr 19: 0.54 – 0.55 MbChr 10: 79.52 – 79.53 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Granzyme M is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GZMM gene.[5][6]

Human natural killer (NK) cells and activated lymphocytes express and store a distinct subset of neutral serine proteases together with proteoglycans and other immune effector molecules in large cytoplasmic granules. These serine proteases are collectively termed granzymes and include 4 distinct gene products: granzyme A, granzyme B, granzyme H, and Met-ase, also known as granzyme M.[6]

References

  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000197540 – Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000054206 – Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ Baker E, Sutherland GR, Smyth MJ (Apr 1994). "The gene encoding a human natural killer cell granule serine protease, Met-ase 1, maps to chromosome 19p13.3". Immunogenetics. 39 (4): 294–5. doi:10.1007/bf00188796. PMID 8119738. S2CID 33990020.
  6. ^ a b "Entrez Gene: GZMM granzyme M (lymphocyte met-ase 1)".

Further reading

  • Smyth MJ, O'Connor MD, Trapani JA (1996). "Granzymes: a variety of serine protease specificities encoded by genetically distinct subfamilies". J. Leukoc. Biol. 60 (5): 555–62. doi:10.1002/jlb.60.5.555. PMID 8929545. S2CID 19732623.
  • Pilat D, Fink T, Obermaier-Skrobanek B, et al. (1995). "The human Met-ase gene (GZMM): structure, sequence, and close physical linkage to the serine protease gene cluster on 19p13.3". Genomics. 24 (3): 445–50. doi:10.1006/geno.1994.1651. PMID 7713495.
  • Smyth MJ, Sayers TJ, Wiltrout T, et al. (1994). "Met-ase: cloning and distinct chromosomal location of a serine protease preferentially expressed in human natural killer cells". J. Immunol. 151 (11): 6195–205. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.151.11.6195. PMID 8245461.
  • Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
  • Krenacs L, Smyth MJ, Bagdi E, et al. (2003). "The serine protease granzyme M is preferentially expressed in NK-cell, gamma delta T-cell, and intestinal T-cell lymphomas: evidence of origin from lymphocytes involved in innate immunity". Blood. 101 (9): 3590–3. doi:10.1182/blood-2002-09-2908. PMID 12506019.
  • Kelly JM, Waterhouse NJ, Cretney E, et al. (2004). "Granzyme M mediates a novel form of perforin-dependent cell death". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (21): 22236–42. doi:10.1074/jbc.M401670200. PMID 15028722.
  • Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
  • Mahrus S, Kisiel W, Craik CS (2005). "Granzyme M is a regulatory protease that inactivates proteinase inhibitor 9, an endogenous inhibitor of granzyme B." J. Biol. Chem. 279 (52): 54275–82. doi:10.1074/jbc.M411482200. PMID 15494398.
  • Lu H, Hou Q, Zhao T, et al. (2006). "Granzyme M directly cleaves inhibitor of caspase-activated DNase (CAD) to unleash CAD leading to DNA fragmentation". J. Immunol. 177 (2): 1171–8. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.177.2.1171. PMID 16818775.


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