Hershel Schachter

American Orthodox rabbi

צבי שׁכטר‎

PersonalBorn (1941-07-28) July 28, 1941 (age 83)

Scranton, Pennsylvania

ReligionJudaismNationalityAmericanSpouseShoshana SchachterParentMelech Schachter (father) Chaya Schachter (mother)DenominationModern Orthodox JudaismAlma materYeshiva UniversityPositionRosh yeshivaYeshivaRIETSPositionPosekOrganizationOrthodox UnionBegan1967ResidenceWashington Heights, Manhattan

Hershel Schachter (born (1941-07-28)July 28, 1941) is an American Orthodox rabbi, posek, and rosh yeshiva^[a] at the Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary (RIETS), part of Yeshiva University in New York City.

Schachter is a halakhic advisor to the Orthodox Union and has rendered notable decisions in a number of contemporary topic areas.

Early life and education

Hershel Schachter was born in Scranton, Pennsylvania to Melech Schachter, a rosh yeshiva at Yeshiva University.^[1]

Schachter became an assistant to Joseph Ber Soloveitchik at the age of 22. He earned a B.A. from Yeshiva College and an M.A. in Hebrew literature from the Bernard Revel Graduate School of Jewish Studies in 1967.^[2] After receiving rabbinic ordination that year at the age of 26, Schachter became the youngest rosh yeshiva at RIETS,^[a] and he was appointed rosh kollel (dean of the kollel) when the position became available following the aliyah of the previous rosh kollel, Aharon Lichtenstein, in 1971.^[2]

Schachter is a prominent posek. He is also a halakhic advisor to the kashrut division of the Orthodox Union.^[3]

Halakhic opinions

Schachter is considered to be amongst the foremost posekim in today's Jewish Modern Orthodox community.^[4] Schachter served a pivotal role during the COVID-19 pandemic, publishing responsa that guided and advised Jews in their observance of halakha during an unprecedented time. His responsa are noted for being "broad and well-sourced" in addressing various issues that Jews were facing at the time, primarily due to quarantine and other preventative measures. He endorsed proper precautions and measures to protect people and those around them from catching the disease, while advising Jews how to adjust their lives to these precautions. Additionally, he maintained "sensitivity" for the broader role Jews serve in society and had a care for the "good of the whole."^[5]

In the realm of medical halakha, Schachter does not allow Jewish doctors or medical students to work on Shabbat unless a person's life might be at risk. Jewish doctors and medical students should observe Shabbat, but that is trumped by the need to save a life.^[6] Schachter believes that the living status of a brain dead individual is a safek (matter of doubt), and thus requires that all decisions be made with the same stringencies applied to all cases where life-and-death is in doubt. This, therefore, forbids the organ donations of brain dead individuals, by considering them as possibly still halakhically alive, but also requires halitzah (release from the obligation of levirate marriage) in the case that a childless widow is left with only a brain dead husband as well as an able brother-in-law.^[7]

In monetary law and taxation, Schachter believes that a graduated system of income taxes is "fair and reasonable" as they provide various necessary services to "take care of" fellow citizens. Thus, it qualifies as dina d'malkhuta dina (law of the land is law), and everyone is halakhically obligated to pay taxes.^[8]

Schachter holds that a woman is not allowed to serve as the president of a synagogue unless there is absolutely no other choice.^[9]

He is supportive of using tekhelet on tzitzit and has developed his own tie which is widely used.^[10]^[11]^[12]

Other views

In a December 2006 speech, Schachter stated that mesirah (informing on a fellow Jew to the authorities) "is permitted in situations where one is a public menace...or if one is physically or psychologically harming another individual (for example, in instances of sexual abuse of children, students, campers etc., or spousal abuse)."^[13]^[14] In a February 2013 speech to a London audience, Schachter echoed this sentiment. He did express concern that before going to the authorities, one should make sure that a potential abuse victim is credible by referring him to a competent rabbi or psychologist. Schachter cited concerns that if the child's story was a fabrication, it could result in a Jew being wrongly incarcerated.

Schachter has been condemned for his use of the term shvartze (the Yiddish word for black, racially loaded when directed at a person):^[15]^[16]^[17]^[18] "The recent use of a derogatory racial term and negative characterizations of African-Americans and Muslims, by a member of the faculty, are inappropriate, offensive, and do not represent the values and mission of Yeshiva University", a YU spokesman stated.^[19]

Schachter is endorsed by the Organization for the Resolution of Agunot, a non-profit organization that advocates for the elimination of abuse from the Jewish divorce process by, among other things, organizing public protests to compel husbands to grant their wives gittin (religious divorce documents).^[20]

Works

Books

Schachter, Hershel (1992). Eretz HaTzvi: Biurei Sugyot ארץ הצבי: ביאורי סוגיות [Land of the Deer: Explanations of Issues] (in Hebrew). New York: The Michael Scharf Publication Trust of Yeshiva University Press. p. 291. ISBN 9780881254105.
Schachter, Hershel (1994). Nefesh HaRav – Likutei Amarim, Teurei Ma'asim VeDivrei Ha'arakha LeMal'ot Shanah LiFtirat HaRav Yosef Dov HaLevi Soloveitchik נפש הרב – לקוטי אמרים, תיאורי מעשים ודברי הערכה למלאות שנה לפטירת הרב יוסף דוב הלוי סולוביצ'יק [Spirit of The Rav – A Collection of Sayings, Descriptions of Deeds, and Words of Appreciation For the Anniversary of the Death of Rabbi Joseph Ber HaLevi Soloveitchik] (in Hebrew). Jerusalem: Reshit Yerushalayim [he].
Schachter, Hershel (1997). B'ikvei HaTzon: Birurei Halakha בעקבי הצאן: בירורי הלכה [In the Footsteps of the Flock: Clarifications on Jewish Law] (in Hebrew). Jerusalem: Flatbush School. p. 293.
Soloveitchik, Joseph B. (2001). Schachter, Hershel (ed.). Shiurei HaRav HaGaon Rabi Yosef Dov HaLevi Soloveitchik zt'l LeMasekhet Kiddushin – MiPi HaShmuah שיעורי הרב הגאון רבי יוסף דב הלוי סולוביצ'יק זצ"ל למס' קידושין – מפי השמועה [Lessons of HaGaon Rabbi Joseph Ber HaLevi Soloveitchik zt'l on Tractate Kiddushin – From Hearsay] (in Hebrew). New Jersey. p. 399.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Schachter, Hershel (2001). MiP'ninei HaRav – Maran HaRav Yosef Dov HaLevi Soloveitchik zt'l: Likutei Amarim, Teurei Ma'asim VeDivrei Ha'arakha מפניני הרב – מרן הרב יוסף דוב הלוי סולוביצ'יק, זצ"ל: לקוטי אמרים, תיאורי מעשים ודברי הערכה [From the Aphorisms of The Rav – Rabbi Joseph Ber HaLevi Soloveitchik zt'l: A Collection of Sayings, Descriptions of Deeds, and Words of Appreciation] (in Hebrew). Flatbush School. p. 339.
Soloveitchik, Joseph B. (2002). Schachter, Hershel (ed.). Shiurei HaRav HaGaon Rabi Yosef Dov HaLevi Soloveitchik zt'l Al Inyanei Tzitzit, Inyanei Tefillin VeHilkhot Kriat HaTorah – MiPi HaShmuah שיעורי הרב הגאון רבי יוסף דב הלוי סולוביצ'יק זצ"ל על עניני ציצית, עניני תפילין והלכות קריאת התורה – מפי השמועה [Lessons of HaGaon Rabbi Joseph Ber HaLevi Soloveitchik zt'l on Matters of Tzizit, Tefillin and the Torah Reading Laws – From Hearsay] (in Hebrew). p. 207.
Soloveitchik, Joseph B. (2002). Schachter, Hershel (ed.). Shiurei HaRav HaGaon Rabi Yosef Dov HaLevi Soloveitchik zt'l Al Pesahim, Rosh HaShanah, Yom HaKippurim U'Megilah – MiPi HaShmuah שיעורי הרב הגאון רבי יוסף דב הלוי סולוביצ'יק זצ"ל על פסחים, ר"ה, יוהכ"פ ומגילה – מפי השמועה [Lessons of HaGaon Rabbi Joseph Ber HaLevi Soloveitchik zt'l on Passover, Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur and the Megillah – From Hearsay] (in Hebrew). p. 166.
Soloveitchik, Joseph B. (2003). Schachter, Hershel (ed.). Shiurei HaRav HaGaon Rabi Yosef Dov HaLevi Soloveitchik zt'l LeMasekhet Gittin – MiPi HaShmuah שיעורי הרב הגאון רבי יוסף דב הלוי סולוביצ'יק זצ"ל למס' גיטין – מפי השמועה [Lessons of HaGaon Rabbi Joseph Ber HaLevi Soloveitchik zt'l on Tractate Gittin – From Hearsay] (in Hebrew). New Jersey. p. 209. ISBN 979-8788105925.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Soloveitchik, Joseph B. (2004). Schachter, Hershel (ed.). Shiurei HaRav HaGaon Rabi Yosef Dov HaLevi Soloveitchik zt'l Al Masekhet Shabbat – MiPi HaShmuah שיעורי הרב הגאון רבי יוסף דב הלוי סולוביצ'יק זצ"ל על מס' שבת – מפי השמועה [Lessons of HaGaon Rabbi Joseph Ber HaLevi Soloveitchik zt'l on Tractate Shabbat – From Hearsay] (in Hebrew). Mevaseret Zion. p. 297.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Schachter, Hershel (2007). Ginat Egoz: Biurei Sugyot U'Birurei Halakha גנת אגוז: ביאורי סוגיות ובירורי הלכה [Walnut Garden: Explanations of Issues and Clarifications on Jewish Law] (in Hebrew). Flatbush School. p. 229. ISBN 9780881254105.
Schachter, Hershel (2010). Divrei HaRav – Maran HaRav Yosef Dov HaLevi Soloveitchik zt'l: Likutei Drashot, Teurei Ma'asim, Divrei Ha'arakha דברי הרב – מרן הרב יוסף דוב הלוי סולוביצ'יק, זצ"ל: לקוטי דרשות, תיאורי מעשים, דברי הערכה [Words of The Rav – Rabbi Joseph Ber HaLevi Soloveitchik zt'l: A Collection of Sermons, Descriptions of Deeds, Words of Appreciation] (in Hebrew). Mesorah Publications. p. 382.
Soloveitchik, Joseph B. (2013). Schachter, Hershel (ed.). Shiurei HaRav HaGaon Rabi Yosef Dov HaLevi Soloveitchik zt'l Al Hilkhot Niddah – MiPi HaShmuah שיעורי הרב הגאון רבי יוסף דב הלוי סולוביצ'יק זצ"ל על הל' נדה – מפי השמועה [Lessons of HaGaon Rabbi Joseph Ber HaLevi Soloveitchik zt'l on the Laws of Niddah – From Hearsay] (in Hebrew). Kokhav Ya'akov. p. 133.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Schachter, Hershel (2017). Weissman, Allan (ed.). Rav Schachter on the Parsha (1st ed.). Shikey Press. p. 296. ISBN 1958542326.
Schachter, Hershel (2018). Weissman, Allan (ed.). Rav Schachter on the Moadim (1st ed.). Shikey Press. p. 297. ISBN 1933143525.
Schachter, Hershel (2019). Weissman, Allan (ed.). Rav Schachter on the Haggadah (1st ed.). Feldheim. p. 269.
Schachter, Hershel (2020). Weissman, Allan (ed.). Rav Schachter on Tefillah (1st ed.). Shikey Press. p. 313.
Schachter, Hershel (2023). Weissman, Allan (ed.). Rav Schachter on the Parsha Volume II (1st ed.). Shikey Press. ISBN 1958542415.
Schachter, Hershel (2023). Weissman, Allan (ed.). Rav Schachter on Pirkei Avos: Insights and Commentary Based on the Shiurim of Rav Hershel Schachter (1st ed.). p. 267.
Schachter, Hershel (2023). Weissman, Allan (ed.). Rav Shachter on the Parsha Volume III: Insights and Commentary Based on the Shiurim of Rav Hershel Schachter (1st ed.). Shikey Press.^[21]
Schachter, Hershel (2024). Miller, Joseph (ed.). Rabbi Hershel Schachter's Collected Writings I (1st ed.). ISBNservices.com. p. 220. ISBN 979-8893420111.
Schachter, Hershel (2024). Feldman, Daniel Z.; Rice, Isaac (eds.). Divrei Soferim: The Transmission of Torah Shebe'al Peh (1st ed.). Toby Press. p. 184. ISBN 1592646808.^[21]
Schachter, Hershel (2024). Weissman, Allan (ed.). Rav Schachter on Orach Chaim Volume I: Insights and Commentary Based on the Shiurim of Rav Hershel Schachter Hilchos Hanhagas Adam BaBoker, Tzitzis, and Tefillin (1st ed.). RIETS Press.^[21]

Articles

Schachter has written more than 200 articles, in both Hebrew and English, for scholarly Torah publications such as HaPardes, HaDarom, Beit Yitzchak, and Or Hamizrach. A sample of these include:

בגדר מצות קידוש והבדלה in HaDarom No. 26, Tishrei 5728 (September 1967)
בדין מוקצה מחמת ספק יום שעבר in HaDarom No. 39, Nissan 5734 (April 1974)
בירור הלכה בענין אמירה לנכרי בשבת וכבוד המת in HaPardes No. 57, Vol. 8 (May 1983)

Works about

Lawrence Kaplan, "The Multi-Faceted Legacy of the Rav: A Critical Analysis of R. Hershel Schachter's Nefesh ha-Rav," BDD (Bekhol Derakhekha Daehu: Journal of Torah and Scholarship) 7 (Summer, 1998): 51–85.
Ferziger, Adam S. “Feminism and Heresy: The Construction of a Jewish Metanarrative.” Journal of the American Academy of Religion 77, no. 3 (2009): 494–546.

Notes

^ ^a ^b The title of rosh yeshiva is simultaneously held by many rabbis at RIETS. It refers to a permanent lectureship.

References

^ Greenwald, Shlomo (February 28, 2007). "Rabbi Melech Schachter, Noted YU Rebbe, 93". Extras. The Jewish Press. Retrieved 2008-04-14.
^ ^a ^b "Rabbi Hershel Schachter". Yeshiva University. Retrieved 2008-04-14.
^ "Mesorah". Orthodox Union. 2008. Retrieved 2008-04-14.
^ "Jewish Action | A publication of the Orthodox Union".
^ "Jewish Law During a Pandemic: The 35 Responsa of Rabbi Hershel Schachter Issued Due to COVID-19".
^ Schachter, Hershel (2007). "Shemiras Shabbos for Doctors and Medical Students". Torahweb.org. Retrieved 2008-04-14. The medrash derives from a posuk in Parshas Lech Lecha that one may violate the laws of Shabbos to save the life of a choleh sheyesh bo sakanah (an individual with a life threatening sickness). The Talmud clearly states that even when we are not sure whether there is a real danger to someone's life or whether the chilul Shabbos (transgression of Sabbath observance) will save the life, we still declare that the chilul Shabbos is allowed. Rav Shimon Shkop, in his famous sefer Shaarei Yosher, points out from the Gemarah that even in a case of sfek sfeka we still allow chilul Shabbos.…There is a terrible misconception that the laws of Shabbos do not apply to doctors. This is absolutely incorrect. No profession exempts anyone from any mitzvos. Medical students are certainly not exempt from Shabbos observance. And even after having completed his school years, the future doctor must take special care to make sure he has a Sabbath-observant residency. If this can not be arranged, the student must simply look for a different profession.
^ "Organ Donation Conference at Yeshiva University Tackles Difficult Issues". Yeshiva University. September 18, 2006. Archived from the original on August 13, 2007. Retrieved 2008-04-14. Perhaps the most fascinating portion of the day was the discussion of brain death and halakha. Rabbi Hershel Schachter, a rosh yeshiva at the Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary (RIETS) and the rosh kollel at RIETS' Marcos and Adina Katz Kollel (Institute for Advanced Research in Rabbinics), spoke on the topic by video conference from Los Angeles. Rabbi Dr. Moshe D. Tendler, Rabbi Isaac and Bella Tendler Professor of Jewish Medical Ethics, professor of biology, and a rosh yeshiva at RIETS, spoke near the end of the conference. Rabbi Schachter has deemed the question of brain death a safek, or a matter of doubt. Rabbi Schachter's opinion would obligate its followers to act stringently in all cases of doubt, rendering a brain dead person not dead and ruling out the possibility of donating his organs.
^ Schachter, Hershel (2005). "Taxation and Dina Demalchusa". Torahweb.org. Retrieved 2008-04-14. In the days of the Talmud taxes were collected for the purpose of enriching the king. Based on the parshas hamelech in Sefer Shmuel (Shmuel I 8:11), the Rabbis formulated the principle of dina demalchusa dina (Nedarim 28a), literally, the "law of the land is binding": everyone must pay taxes. In Shulchan Aruch (Chosehn Mishpat 369:8), the Rishonim are quoted as having pointed out that if the taxes are unfair, or discriminatory (which is also unfair,) this would not constitute "dina" demalchusa – "the law of the land," but rather "gazlanusa" demalchusa – "the embezzlement of the land," and such tax laws are not binding (see Nefesh Harav p. 269). A system of graduated income tax is considered fair and reasonable (see LeTorah Velemoadim by Rav Zevin, p. 118) ... it is important to note that today the basis for taxation is totally different from what it was in Talmudic times. Today, all modern countries provide a variety of services: They provide streets and highways, and maintain forests and museums. They provide fire, police, and military protection. They collect garbage and deliver mail. They do medical research to discover cures for diseases, etc. The taxes are collected for the purpose of covering the annual budget, which pays for all of these projects. The halacha views all of the people living in the same neighborhood as "shutfim" – "partners," sharing a common need for a shul, yeshiva, mikveh and an eruv, and therefore, the "partners" can force each other to put up the needed amount to further their partnership. So too, all people who live in the same city, state, and country are considered "shutfim" with respect to the services provided by that city, state, and country.…In our modern world, one who does not pay his proper share of taxes is no longer viewed as cheating the king (or the ruler) of the country, but rather as cheating (i.e. stealing from) his partners. The amount of money not paid by the one who cheats will have to be taken care of by having the rest of the "partners" put up more money from their pockets to cover all the expenses of the partnership. And even if much of the tax money goes towards expenditures that are not to one's personal liking and that one gets nothing out of, such is the halacha of any partnership: the majority of the partners have the right to determine what are the reasonable needs of the partnership (Choshen Mishpat 163:1). Therefore, this majority has the legitimate right to force the minority to contribute their share towards properly furthering the partnership.
^ YU Torah Online : Shiur 43 (Rabbi Hershel Schachter)
^ "Using Tekhelet in Tzitzit" (PDF). bluefringes. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
^ "Rav Schachter".
^ "Rabbi Herschel Schachter - Details Regarding the Tying of Tekhelet". YouTube.
^ "Regarding Mesirah" "TorahWeb.org", 24 Mar 2013
^ "Rav Hershel Schachter: Should I Call the Police? Clarifying the Issurim of Mesira and Chilul Hashem", "TorahWeb.org", 24 Mar 2013
^ Paul Berger, "Yeshiva Rabbi Hershel Schachter Stirs Hornet's Nest With Remarks — Again; 'Shvartze' Cleric Spoke of Killing Israeli Premier, Compared Women to Monkeys", The Forward, 21 March 2013
^ "YU dean warns against reporting unconfirmed sex abuse claims", The Times of Israel, 16 March 2013
^ "Schachter, a top Y.U. rabbi, calls for panels to screen abuse claims" Archived 2013-05-01 at the Wayback Machine, JTA, 15 March 2013
^ "Yeshiva University rabbi warns sex abuse reports put innocent Jews in prison", Haaretz, 20 March 2013
^ Berger, Paul (15 March 2013). "Yeshiva Condemns 'Offensive' Racial Remarks by Rabbi Hershel Schachter". The Forward. Retrieved 19 March 2022.
^ Kollrin, Lianne (April 1, 2017) "Shun Get Refuser, Urges Leading Rabbi, The Jewish Chronicle. Retrieved July 13, 2021.
^ ^a ^b ^c (March 5, 2024) The Faithful Transmission of the Torah Shebe'al Peh: An Exclusive Interview With Rav Hershel Schachter Shlita About The Three New Seforim, His Minhagim, and Fun Questions, The Jewish Vues. Retrieved July 30, 2024.