Both naturally and artificially occurring pine species (Pinus) can hybridize, combining their genetic material and sometimes creating hybrids that can be more or less vigorous than their parent species. An example of a naturally occurring hybrid pine is Pinus × sondereggeri, a naturally occurring cross between loblolly pine (P. taeda) and longleaf pine (P. palustris). An example of the many artificial hybrids is Pinus lambertiana × P. armandii.[1]
Subgenus Pinus
Includes both natural and artificial pine hybrids.
Subsection Pinus
Pinus nigra × P. resinosa – Austrian pine × red pine
Pinus densiflora × P. nigra[2]– Japanese Red pine × Austrian pine
Pinus × densithunbergii, Pinus densiflora × P. thunbergii[3]– Japanese Red pine × Japanese black pine
Pinus × neilreichiana, Pinus nigra × P. sylvestris[4] – Neilreich pine (Austrian pine × Scots pine)
Pinus × rhaetica, Pinus mugo × P. sylvestris – Rhætic pine (Mountain pine × Scots pine)
Subsection Ponderosae
Pinus ponderosa var. ponderosa × P. arizonica – Ponderosa pine (typical variety) × Arizona pine
Pinus ponderosa var. ponderosa × P. montezumae – Ponderosa pine (typical variety) × Montezuma pine
Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum × P. montezumae – Rocky Mountain ponderosa pine × Montezuma pine
Pinus engelmannii × P. montezumae – Apache pine × Montezuma pine
Pinus jeffreyi × P. montezumae – Jeffrey pine × Montezuma pine
Pinus ponderosa var. ponderosa × P. engelmannii – Ponderosa pine (typical variety) × Apache pine
Pinus engelmannii × P. arizonica – Apache pine × Arizona pine
Pinus engelmannii × P. ponderosa var. scopulorum – Apache pine × Rocky Mountain ponderosa pine
Pinus jeffreyi × P. ponderosa var. ponderosa – Jeffrey pine × ponderosa pine (typical variety)
Pinus jeffreyi × P. ponderosa var. scopulorum – Jeffrey pine × Rocky Mountain ponderosa pine
Pinus jeffreyi × P. ponderosa var. washoensis – Jeffrey pine × Washoe pine
Pinus. ponderosa var. washoensis × P. ponderosa var. ponderosa – Washoe pine × ponderosa pine (typical variety)
Pinus. ponderosa var. washoensis × P. ponderosa var. scopulorum – Washoe pine × Rocky Mountain ponderosa pine
Pinus jeffreyi × P. coulteri – Jeffrey pine × Coulter pine
Subsection Contortae
Pinus × murraybanksiana, Pinus contorta var. murrayana × P. banksiana – Murraybanks pine (Sierra lodgepole pine × jack pine)
Pinus contorta var latifolia × P. banksiana – Rocky Mountain Lodgepole Pine × Jack Pine
Pinus monticola × P. flexilis – Western white pine × limber pine
Pinus monticola × P. strobus – Western white pine × eastern white pineJapanese stone pine cone(Pinus pumila, left) and Japanese stone pine × Siberian pine cone (Pinus pumila × P. sibirica, right). Anatomy of the cones and visible morphological differences in the hybridized cone
Pinus monticola × P. peuce – Western white pine × Balkan pine
Pinus peuce × P. strobus – Balkan pine × eastern white pine
Pinus peuce × P. parviflora – Balkan pine × Japanese white pine
Pinus flexilis × P. wallichiana – Limber pine × Himalayan pine
Pinus flexilis × P. strobus[11] – Limber pine × eastern white pine
Pinus flexilis × P. ayacahuite – Limber pine × Mexican white pine
Pinus ayacahuite × P. strobus – Mexican white pine × eastern white pine
Pinus × schwerinii, Pinus strobus × P. wallichiana – Schwerin's white pine (Eastern white pine × Himalayan pine)
Pinus monticola × P. wallichiana – Western white pine × Himalayan pine
Pinus cembra × P. albicaulis – Swiss stone pine × whitebark pine
Pinus albicaulis × P. flexilis – Whitebark pine × limber pine
Pinus sibirica × P. cembra – Siberian pine × Swiss stone pine
Pinus sibirica × P. koraiensis – Siberian pine × Korean pine
Pinus armandii × P. koraiensis[5] – Armand pine × Korean pine
Pinus strobus × P. ayacahuite[12] – Eastern white pine × Mexican white pine
References
^"Botanical descriptions of 40 artificial pine hybrids" (PDF).
^"Pinus densiflora x nigra / Japanese red-Austrian black pine hybrid | Conifer Species". American Conifer Society. Retrieved 2022-03-23.
^"Pinus × densithunbergii / hybrid pine | Conifer Species". American Conifer Society. Retrieved 2022-03-23.
^"Pinus × neilreichiana / Neilreich pine | Conifer Species". American Conifer Society. Retrieved 2022-03-23.
^ absjgbloom2012 (2015-08-04). "Pinus armandii x P. koraiensis • Korean Pine". SJG bloom. Retrieved 2022-03-22.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^Buck, Ryan; Hyasat, S.; Hossfeld, A.; Flores-Rentería, L. (13 August 2020). "Patterns of hybridization and cryptic introgression among one- and four-needled pinyon pines". Annals of Botany. 126 (3): 401–411. doi:10.1093/aob/mcaa045. PMC 7424738. PMID 32222765. Retrieved 2022-03-25.
^Goroshkevich, Sergej N. (2004). "Natural Hybridization between Russian Stone Pine (Pinus siberica) and Japanese Stone Pine (Pinus pumila)" (PDF). US Forest Service. Retrieved 2022-03-24.
^"Pinus × hakkodensis / Hakkoda pine | Conifer Species". American Conifer Society. Retrieved 2022-03-23.
^"Pinus × holfordiana / Holford pine | Conifer Species". American Conifer Society. Retrieved 2022-03-23.
^"Pinus × hunnewellii / Hunnewell's white pine | Conifer Species". American Conifer Society. Retrieved 2022-03-23.
^Critchfield, William B. (1986). "Hybridization and classification of the white pines (Pinus section strobus)". Taxon. 35 (4): 647–656. doi:10.2307/1221606. JSTOR 1221606.
^"Pinus strobus × ayacahuite / hybrid pine | Conifer Species". American Conifer Society. Retrieved 2022-03-23.