Kholstomer
"Kholstomer" (Russian: Холстомер, IPA: [xəlstɐˈmʲer]), also translated as "Strider", is a work by Leo Tolstoy that has been referred to as “one of the most striking stories in Russian literature”.[1] It was started in 1863 and left unfinished until 1886, when it was reworked and published as "Kholstomer: The Story of a Horse". Georgi Tovstonogov staged it in his theatre in 1975. The horse was played by Yevgeni Lebedev. This story prominently features the technique of defamiliarization by adopting the perspective of a horse to expose some of the irrationalities of human conventions.[2]
Strider's altruistic life is recounted parallel to that of his selfish and useless owner. At the end of the story Strider dies but his corpse gives birth to a new life - that of wolf cubs:
At dawn, in a ravine of the old forest, down in an overgrown glade, big-headed wolf cubs were howling joyfully. A lean old wolf who was shedding her coat, dragging her full belly with its hanging dugs along the ground, came out of the bushes and sat down in front of the cubs. The cubs came and stood round her in a semi-circle. She went up to the smallest, and bending her knee and holding her muzzle down, made some convulsive movements, and opening her large sharp-toothed jaws disgorged a large piece of horseflesh. The little one, growling as if in anger, pulled the horseflesh under him and began to gorge. In the same way the mother wolf coughed up a piece for the second, the third, and all five of them, and then lay down in front of them to rest.
See also
- Leo Tolstoy bibliography
- List of fictional horses
References
- ^ Sen, Debashish (2019-12-10). Psychological Realism in 19th Century Fiction: Studies in Turgenev, Tolstoy, Eliot and Brontë. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 137. ISBN 978-1-5275-4455-0.
- ^ Shklovskij, Viktor (1998). "Art as Technique.". In Julie Rivkin and Michael Ryan (ed.). Literary Theory: An Anthology. Malden: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
External links
- English Text
- Kholstomer, from RevoltLib.com
- Kholstomer, from Marxists.org
- Kholstomer, from TheAnarchistLibrary.org
- Commentaries
- Analysis of Kholstomer: The Story of a Horse on Lit React
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- Bibliography
- War and Peace (1869)
- Anna Karenina (1878)
- Resurrection (1899)
- Childhood (1852)
- Boyhood (1854)
- Youth (1856)
- Family Happiness (1859)
- Polikúshka (1860)
- The Cossacks (1863)
- The Death of Ivan Ilyich (1886)
- The Kreutzer Sonata (1889)
- The Devil (1911)
- The Forged Coupon (1911)
- Hadji Murat (1912)
- "The Raid" (1852)
- "The Cutting of the Forest" (1855)
- "Sevastopol Sketches" (1855)
- "Recollections of a Billiard-marker" (1855)
- "The Snowstorm" (1856)
- "Two Hussars" (1856)
- "A Landowner's Morning" (1856)
- "Lucerne" (1857)
- "Albert" (1858)
- "Three Deaths" (1859)
- "The Porcelain Doll" (1863)
- "God Sees the Truth, But Waits" (1872)
- "The Prisoner of the Caucasus" (1872)
- "The Bear Hunt" (1872)
- "What Men Live By" (1881)
- "Diary of a Lunatic" (1884)
- "Quench the Spark" (1885)
- "An Old Acquaintance" (1885)
- "Where Love Is, God Is" (1885)
- "Ivan the Fool" (1885)
- "Evil Allures, But Good Endures" (1885)
- "Wisdom of Children" (1885)
- "The Three Hermits" (1886)
- "Promoting a Devil" (1886)
- "How Much Land Does a Man Need?" (1886)
- "The Grain" (1886)
- "Repentance" (1886)
- "Croesus and Fate" (1886)
- "Kholstomer" (1886)
- "The Two Brothers and the Gold" (1886)
- "A Lost Opportunity" (1889)
- "A Dialogue Among Clever People" (1892)
- "Walk in the Light While There is Light" (1893)
- "The Coffee-House of Surat" (1893)
- "The Young Tsar" (1894)
- "Master and Man" (1895)
- "Too Dear!" (1897)
- "Work, Death, and Sickness" (1903)
- "Three Questions" (1903)
- "Alyosha the Pot" (1905)
- "Father Sergius" (1911)
- "After the Ball" (1911)
- The Power of Darkness (1886)
- The First Distiller (1886)
- The Light Shines in the Darkness (1890)
- The Fruits of Enlightenment (1891)
- The Living Corpse (1900)
- The Cause of It All (1910)
- A History of Yesterday (1851)
- Confession (1882)
- The Gospel in Brief (1883)
- What I Believe (1884)
- What Is to Be Done? (1886)
- The Kingdom of God Is Within You (1894)
- What Is Art? (1897)
- "A Letter to a Hindu" (1908)
- The Inevitable Revolution (1909)
- A Calendar of Wisdom (1910)
- The Decembrists (1884)
- "Posthumous Notes of the Hermit Fëdor Kuzmich" (1905)
- Sophia (wife)
- Alexandra (daughter)
- Ilya (son)
- Lev Lvovich (son)
- Tatyana (daughter)
- Yasnaya Polyana
- Tolstoyan movement
- Christian anarchism
- Departure of a Grand Old Man (1912 film)
- Lev Tolstoy and the Russia of Nicholas II (1928 documentary)
- Lev Tolstoy (1984 film)
- The Last Station (1990 novel)
- 2009 film)
- Story of One Appointment (2018 film)
- A Couple (2022 film)
- Tolstoy Farm
- Tolstoj quadrangle
- crater
- The Triumph of the Farmer or Industry and Parasitism (1888)
- Vladimir Chertkov
- Aylmer and Louise Maude
- Translators of Tolstoy
- Tolstoy scholars
- Category
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