Legal Adviser of the Department of State
Legal Adviser of the United States Department of State | |
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![]() Seal of the United States Department of State | |
![]() Incumbent since January 20, 2021Richard C. Visek[1] Acting | |
Reports to | United States Secretary of State |
Inaugural holder | Green Hackworth |
Formation | 1931 |
Website | Official Website |
The Legal Adviser of the Department of State is a position within the United States Department of State. The legal adviser provides legal advice on all issues (domestic and international) arising in the course of the department's activities. The legal adviser heads the State Department's Office of the Legal Adviser. As such, the legal adviser has the rank of Assistant Secretary.[2][3]
History
From 1870 to 1891, the examiner of claims had been the chief legal officer of the department. The solicitor, a Department of Justice employee, had functioned as the Department of State's chief legal officer from 1891 to 1931. Solicitors and examiners of claims were by statute officials of the Department of Justice. The position of Legal Advisor was created by an Act of Congress on February 23, 1931 (P.L. 71-715; 46 Stat. 1214). The first legal adviser was Green Hackworth, who served until 1946 and then became a judge on the International Court of Justice.
List of legal advisers of the Department of State
# | Name | Assumed office | Left office | President served under |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Green Hackworth | July 1, 1931[4] | March 1, 1946 | Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman |
2 | Charles H. Fahy | June 19, 1946 | August 15, 1947 | Harry S. Truman |
3 | Ernest A. Gross | August 16, 1947 | March 3, 1949 | Harry S. Truman |
4 | Adrian S. Fisher | June 28, 1949 | January 27, 1953 | Harry S. Truman |
5 | Herman Phleger | February 2, 1953 | April 1, 1957 | Dwight D. Eisenhower |
6 | Loftus Becker | June 13, 1957 | August 15, 1959 | Dwight D. Eisenhower |
7 | Eric H. Hager | September 9, 1959 | January 20, 1961 | Dwight D. Eisenhower |
8 | Abram Chayes | February 6, 1961 | June 27, 1964 | John F. Kennedy |
9 | Leonard C. Meeker | May 18, 1965 | July 13, 1969 | Lyndon B. Johnson |
10 | John Reese Stevenson | July 14, 1969 | January 1, 1973 | Richard Nixon |
11 | Carlyle E. Maw | November 27, 1973 | July 9, 1974 | Richard Nixon |
12 | Monroe Leigh | January 21, 1975 | January 20, 1977 | Gerald Ford |
13 | Herbert J. Hansell | April 8, 1977 | September 20, 1979 | Jimmy Carter |
14 | Roberts Bishop Owen | October 4, 1979 | February 16, 1981 | Jimmy Carter |
15 | Davis Rowland Robinson | July 30, 1981 | February 27, 1985 | Ronald Reagan |
16 | Abraham David Sofaer | June 10, 1985 | June 15, 1990 | Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush |
17 | Edwin D. Williamson | September 20, 1990 | January 20, 1993 | George H. W. Bush |
18 | Conrad K. Harper | May 24, 1993 | June 30, 1996 | Bill Clinton |
19 | David Andrews | September 2, 1997 | April 25, 2000 | Bill Clinton |
20 | William Howard Taft IV | April 16, 2001 | March 1, 2005 | George W. Bush |
21 | John B. Bellinger III | April 6, 2005 | March 23, 2009[5] | George W. Bush, Barack Obama |
- | Joan E. Donoghue (acting) | March 23, 2009 | June 25, 2009 | Barack Obama |
22 | Harold Hongju Koh | June 25, 2009 | January 22, 2013 | Barack Obama |
- | Mary McLeod (acting) | January 23, 2013 | February 1, 2016 | Barack Obama |
23 | Brian Egan | February 2, 2016 | January 20, 2017 | Barack Obama |
- | Richard C. Visek (acting) | January 20, 2017 | January 22, 2018 | Donald Trump |
24 | Jennifer Gillian Newstead | January 22, 2018 | May 31, 2019 | |
- | Marik String (acting) | June 1, 2019 | January 20, 2021 | |
- | Richard C. Visek (acting) | January 20, 2021 | Joe Biden |
References
- ^ "Richard C. Visek". state.gov. January 2021. Retrieved April 25, 2021.
- ^ "Assistant Secretaries and Equivalent Rank". state.gov. January 20, 2009. Retrieved November 15, 2015.
- ^ "Department Organization Chart". state.gov. March 2014. Retrieved November 15, 2015.
- ^ Initially commissioned during a Senate recess; subsequently confirmed and re-commissioned on December 17, 1931.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on May 3, 2009. Retrieved April 25, 2009.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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Deputy Secretary of State for
Management and Resources
- Office of Foreign Assistance
- Bureau of Cyberspace and Digital Policy
- Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization
- Office of the U.S. Coordinator for the Arctic Region
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg/75px-U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg.png)
Political Affairs
- Bureau of African Affairs
- Bureau of Counterterrorism
- Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs
- Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs
- Bureau of International Organization Affairs (United States Mission to the United Nations)
- Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs
- Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs
- Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs
Growth, Energy, and the Environment
- Bureau of Economic and Business Affairs
- Bureau of Energy Resources
- Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs
- Office of the Chief Economist
- Office of Global Food Security
- Office of Global Partnerships
- Office of the Science and Technology Advisor to the Secretary
and International Security
- Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance
- Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation
- Bureau of Political-Military Affairs
- International Security Advisory Board
Diplomacy and Public Affairs
- Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs
- Bureau of Global Public Affairs
- Global Engagement Center
- International Expositions Unit
- Office of Global Youth Issues
- Office of Policy, Planning, and Resources for Public Affairs and Public Diplomacy
- United States Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy
for Management
- Bureau of Administration
- Bureau of Budget and Planning
- Bureau of Consular Affairs
- Bureau of Diplomatic Security
- Bureau of Global Talent Management
- Bureau of Information Resource Management
- Bureau of Medical Services
- Bureau of Overseas Buildings Operations
- Bureau of the Comptroller and Global Financial Services
- Foreign Service Institute (Office of the Historian)
- Office of Foreign Missions
- Director of Diplomatic Reception Rooms
- Office of Management Strategy and Solutions
- Office of White House Liaison
Democracy, and Human Rights
- Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization Operations
- Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor
- Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs
- Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration
- Office of Global Criminal Justice
- Office of International Religious Freedom
- Office of the Special Envoy to Monitor and Combat Anti-Semitism
- Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons
directly to the Secretary
- Chief of Staff
- Office of the Counselor
- Bureau of Global Health Security and Diplomacy
- Bureau of Intelligence and Research
- Bureau of Legislative Affairs
- Executive Secretariat (Operations Center)
- Policy Planning Staff (Foreign Affairs Policy Board)
- Office of Civil Rights
- Office of Diversity and Inclusion
- Office of Global Women's Issues
- Office of Inspector General
- Office of the Chief of Protocol
- Office of the Legal Adviser
- Office of the Ombudsman
- Office of the Secretary's Special Representative for Syria Engagement
- Office of the Special Envoy for Critical and Emerging Technology
- Office of the Special Presidential Envoy for Hostage Affairs
- Office of the Special Presidential Envoy for Climate
- Office of the Special Representative for Venezuela
- Office of the United States Security Coordinator for Israel and the Palestinian Authority
- Office of the U.S. Special Coordinator for the Partnership for Global Infrastructure and Investment
- Iran Action Group
- Foreign Service Grievance Board
- Secretary's Open Forum
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