List of Ayyubid rulers

Sultans of The Ayyubid Sultanate
Reconstruction of Saladin's personal standard, using a double headed eagle. The specific design of double headed eagle is taken from a coin of a later Ayyubid Sultan, Al-Adil I.
Details
Last monarch
  • Al-Muazzam Turanshah (Egypt)
  • An-Nasir Yusuf (Syria)
  • Adil Sulayman II (Hasankeyf)
Formation1171
Abolition1260/1340/1524
Residence
  • Cairo (1171-1250)
  • Damascus (1174-1260
  • Hasankeyf (1232-1524)
Family tree of the Ayyubid dynasty.[1]

The Ayyubid dynasty ruled many parts of the Middle East and North Africa in the 12th, 13th and 14th centuries. The following is a list of Ayyubid rulers by county/province.

Sultans of Egypt

See Rulers of Islamic Egypt.

# Sultan Start End Title Fate
1 Saladin 10 September 1171 4 March 1193 Sultan Died in office (In 1171, he abolished Fatimid dynasty and realigned the country's allegiance with Abbasid calips)
2 Al-Aziz No picture available 4 March 1193 29 November 1198 Sultan Died
3 Al-Mansur No picture available 29 November 1198 February 1200 Sultan Deposed
4 Al-Adil I February 1200 31 August 1218 Sultan Died
5 Al-Kamil 2 September 1218 8 March 1238 Sultan Died
6 Al-Adil II No picture available 8 March 1238 31 May 1240 Sultan Deposed by his brother and successor Salih
7 As-Salih Ayyub No picture available 1 June 1240 21 November 1249 Sultan Died
- Shajar al-Durr 21 November 1249 27 February 1250 Regent Abdicated
8 Turanshah 27 February 1250 2 May 1250 Sultan Assassinated by the Mamluks
9 Al-Ashraf Musa No picture available 1250 1254 Co-sultan with Aybak Dethroned / custody


Sultans and Emirs of Damascus

See Rulers of Damascus.

Takeover by Mongols, and then Mamluks following the battle of Ain Jalut, 1260.

Family Tree of the Rulers of Damascus

Ayyubid Dynasty
Al-Afdal
Najm al-Din
Ayyub
Al-Nasir
Salah al-Din
Yusuf
(1)
r. 1174-1193		Al-Adil
Sayf al-Din
Abu Bakr I
(3)
r. 1196-1218
Al-Afdal
Ali
(2)
r. 1193-1196		Al-Zahir
Ghiyath al-Din
Ghazi
Aleppo
r. 1193-1216		Al-Kamil
Nasir al-Din
Muhammad
(8)
r. 1238		Al-Mu'azzam
Sharaf al-Din
Isa
(4)
r. 1218-1227		Al-Ashraf
Musa
(6)
r. 1229-1237		Al-Salih
Imad al-Din
Isma'il
(7)
r. 1237,
1239–1245
Al-Aziz
Muhammad
Aleppo
r. 1216-1232		Al-Adil
Sayf al-Din
Abu Bakr II
(9)
r. 1238-1239		Al-Salih
Najm al-Din
Ayyub
(10)
r. 1239,
1245-1249		Al-Nasir
Dawud
(5)
r. 1227-1229
An-Nasir
Salah al-Din
Yusuf
(12)
r. 1250-1260		Al-Mu'azzam
Ghayath al-Din
Turanshah
(11)
r. 1249-1250

Emirs of Aleppo

See Rulers of Aleppo.

Portrait Epithet Name Sultan From Sultan Until Relationship with Predecessor(s) Notes Title
Al-Nasir Salah al-Din Yusuf I 1183 1193  • Married Mahmud III Widow Sultan of Halab
Al-Zahir Ghazi 1193 1216  • Son of Salah al-Din Sultan of Halab
Al-Aziz Muhammad 1216 1236  • Son of Al-Zahir Ghazi Sultan of Halab
Al-Nasir Yusuf II 1236 1260  • Son of Al-Aziz
  • Regency council from 1236 to 1242, de facto regency of Dayfa Khatun[2]
  • Also sultan of Damascus
 Sultan of Halab

Takeover by Mongols, and then Mamluks following the battle of Ain Jalut, 1260.

Emirs of Baalbek

See Baalbek, Middle Ages.

Takeover by Mongols, and then Mamluks following the battle of Ain Jalut, 1260.

Emirs of Hama

See Hama, Muslim Rule.

Formal takeover by Mamluk sultanate in 1341.

Emirs of Homs

See Homs, Seljuk, Ayyubid and Mamluk Rule.

Directly ruled by Mamluks under Alam al-Din Sanjar al-Bashqirdi, assigned by Baibars, sultan of Egypt and Syria, from 1263.

Emirs of Hisn Kaifa

See Hisn Kaifa, Ayyubid and Mongols.

  • As-Salih Ayyub, son of al-Kamil, 1232–1239
  • Al-Mu'azzam Turanshah, son of as-Salih Ayyub, 1239–1249
  • Muwahhid Taqiyya ad-Din Abdullah, son of al-Mu'azzam Turanshah, 1249–1294
  • Kamil Ahmad I, 1294–1325
  • Adil Mujir ad-Din Muhammad, 1325–1328
  • Adil Shahab ad-Din, 1328–1349 (Meinecke gives this ruler as al-ʿĀdil Ghāzī, 1341–1367)[3]
  • Salih Abu-Bakr Khalil I, 1349–1378
  • Adil Fakhr ad-Din Sulayman I, 1378-1432 (Meinecke gives this ruler as al-ʿĀdil Sulaimān, 1377–1424)[3]
  • Ashraf Sharaf ad Din, 1432–1433
  • Salih Salah ad-Din, 1433–1452
  • Kamil Ahmad II, 1452–1455
  • Adil Khalif, 1455–1462
  • Salih Khalil II, 1482–1511
  • Adil Sulayman II, 1511–1514
  • Salih Khalil II (second rule), 1514–1520
  • Malik Hussayn, 1520–1521
  • Adil Sulayman II (second rule), 1521–1524.

Takeover by the Ottoman Empire in 1524.

Emirs of al-Karak

Also referred to as governors of Transjordan.[4] See al-Karak, Crusader, Ayyubid and Mamluk Periods.

Taken by Mamluks under Baibars, sultan of Egypt and Syria, in 1263.

Emirs of Al-Jazirah

See Upper Mesopotamia & Al-Jazirah.

Taken by Mongols in 1260.

Emirs of Yemen and Hejaz

See Yemen, Ayyubid Conquest.

  • Turan-Shah, brother of Saladin, 1173–1181
  • Tughtakin ibn Ayyub, brother of Saladin, 1181–1197
  • Al-Mu'izz Fath ud-Din Isma'il, son of Tughtakin ibn Ayyub, 1197–1202
  • An-Nasir Muhammed ibn Tughtakin ibn Ayyub, son of Tughtakin ibn Ayyub, 1202–1214
  • Al-Muzaffar Sulayman, son of Al-Mansur I Muhammad, 1214–1215
  • Al-Mas'ud Yusuf, son of Al-Kamil, 1215–1229.

Takeover by Rasulid dynasty of Yemen in 1229.

Emirs of Banyas

See Banyas.

  • Al-Aziz 'Uthman, son of al-Adil I 1218–1232.
  • Al-Zahir Ghazi, son of al-'Aziz 'Uthman 1232–1232.
  • Al-Sa'id Hasan, son of al-'Aziz 'Uthman 1232–1247.
  • As-Salih Ayyub, son of al-Kamil (dependency of Egypt) 1247–1249.
  • An-Nasir Yusuf, son of al-Aziz Muhammad (dependency of Damascus) 1250-?.
  • Al-Sa'id Hasan b. al-'Aziz (second reign; d. 658) 1260–1260.

References

  1. ^ Lane-Poole, Stanley (1894), "Ayyūbids", The Mohammadan Dynasties: Chronological and Genealogical Tables with Historical Introductions, Westminster: Archibald Constable and Company, pp. 74–79, OCLC 1199708
  2. ^ According to Stephen Humphreys, From Saladin to the Mongols: The Ayyubids of Damascus, 1193–1260 (State University of New York Press, 1977), p. 229, the council consisted of the emirs Shams al-Dīn Luʾluʾ al-Amīnī and ʿIzz al-Dīn ʿUmar ibn Mujallī, the vizier Ibn al-Qifṭī and Dayfa Khatun's representative, Jamāl al-Dawla Iqbāl al-Khātūnī.
  3. ^ a b Meinecke 1996, p. 66.
  4. ^ Wolff, Robert L. and Hazard, H. W., A History of the Crusades: Volume Two, The Later Crusades 1187-1311, The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, 1977, pg. 814

Sources

  • Bosworth, C.E. (1996). The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual. Columbia University Press, pp. 70-75.
  • Humphreys, R.S. (1977). From Saladin to the Mongols: The Ayyubids of Damascus, 1193-1260. New York: SUNY press. pp. 381–386. ISBN 0-87395-263-4.
  • Lane-Poole, Stanley (1894), "Ayyūbids", The Mohammadan Dynasties: Chronological and Genealogical Tables with Historical Introductions, Westminster: Archibald Constable and Company, pp. 74–79, OCLC 1199708
  • Meinecke, Michael (1996), "3. Hasankeyf/Ḥiṣn Kaifā on the Tigris: A Regional Center on the Crossroad of Foreign Influences", Patterns of Stylistic Changes in Islamic Architecture: Local Traditions Versus Migrating Artists, New York University Press, ISBN 9780814754924
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Rulers of the Ayyubid dynasty
Sultans of Egypt (1171–1250)Emirs of Damascus (1174–1260)Emirs of Aleppo (1177–1260)Emirs of Homs (1175–1262)Emirs of Hama (1175–1341)Emirs of Diyar Bakr (1180–1260)Emirs of Yemen and Hejaz (1173–1228)
Emirs of Baalbek (1175–1260)