List of US Open men's singles champions
Location | Flushing Meadows, Queens New York City United States |
---|---|
Venue | USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center |
Governing body | USTA |
Created | 1881; 143 years ago (1881) |
Editions | 143 events (2023) 56 events (Open Era) |
Surface | Grass (1881–1974) Clay[a] (1975–1977) Hard[b] (1978–present) |
Prize money | Total: US$65,000,000 (2023) Winner: US$3,000,000 (2023) |
Trophy | US Open Trophy |
Website | Official website |
Most titles | |
Amateur era | 7: Richard Sears 7: William Larned 7: Bill Tilden |
Open era | 5: Jimmy Connors 5: Pete Sampras 5: Roger Federer |
Most consecutive titles | |
Amateur era | 7: Richard Sears |
Open era | 5: Roger Federer |
Current champion | |
Novak Djokovic |
The US Open men's singles championship is an annual tennis tournament that is part of the US Open[c][d] and was established in 1881. It is played on outdoor hard courts[e] at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows – Corona Park, New York City, United States.[6][1] The US Open is played during a two-week period in late August and early September, and has been chronologically the last of the four Grand Slam tournaments of the tennis season since 1987.[3] Newport (1881–1914), Forest Hills (1915–1920, 1924–1977), and Philadelphia (1921–1923) held the event before it settled in 1978 at the USTA National Tennis Center, now the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center, in New York City.[2] The inaugural tournament, in 1881, was reserved for United States National Lawn Tennis Association (USNLTA) club members, before the championships opened to international competitors in 1882.[1] The USTA is the national body that organizes this event.
History
The men's singles' rules have undergone several changes since the first edition. From 1884 to 1911, the event started with a knockout phase, the All-Comers singles, whose winner faced the defending champion in a challenge round. The All-Comers winner was awarded the title six times (1888, 1893, 1898, 1901, 1904, 1907) in the absence of the previous year's champion. The challenge round system was abolished with the 1912 edition.[7] From 1908 to 1914, when the championships were held at Newport, men's singles draws had exceeded 128 players,[7] but when the event moved to Forest Hills in 1915 entries would be "submitted by clubs, thereby making the clubs weed out mediocre players. Furthermore, the entry fee would be set high enough to prevent cheapskates from entering just to get a seat at the tournament at a lower price and then defaulting".[8] Since 1881, all matches but the All-Comers final and the challenge round were played as the best-of-three sets, before the event switched to best-of-five for all rounds in 1886. Best-two-out-of-three-sets matches were reintroduced for early rounds in 1917, from 1943 to 1945, and from 1975 to 1978.[7] Before 1884, the winner of the next game at five-games–all took the set in every match except the All-Comers final and the challenge round, which were won by the player who had at least six games and at least two games more than his opponent. This advantage format was introduced for the final sets of early rounds in 1884, and used for all sets in all rounds from 1887 to 1969.[7] The tie-break system was introduced in 1970 for all sets, in its best-of-nine points sudden death version until 1974, and in its best-of-13 points lingering death version since 1975.[7][4][9] In addition, the US Open was the first slam to have a fifth set tie-break.[10]
The court surface changed twice, from grass (1881–1974), to Har-Tru clay (1975–1977), to DecoTurf hard courts, since 1978.[11] The only man to win on all three surfaces, which are grass, Har-Tru clay, and DecoTurf hard was Jimmy Connors.
The champion receives a full-size replica of the event's trophy engraved with his name.[12] In 2010, the winner received prize money of US$1,700,000.[13] A bonus pool of $1,000,000 is also to US Open champions who have clinched the first place of the US Open Series.[14]
In the U.S. National Championships, Richard Sears (1881–1887), William Larned (1901–1902, 1907–1911) and Bill Tilden (1920–1925, 1929) hold the record for most titles in the men's singles, with seven victories each. Four of Sears' wins and all of Larned's, came in a time when the tournament used a challenge round format, and they won respectively only three times and twice after going through a complete draw. Sears also holds the all-time record for most consecutive titles, with seven from (1881 to 1887); the first win came when the event was closed to foreign participants. Without the challenge round, the record stands at six, and is held by Tilden (1920–1925).[3]
During the US Open, since the inclusion of the professional tennis players, Jimmy Connors (1974, 1976, 1978, 1982–1983), Pete Sampras (1990, 1993, 1995–1996, 2002), and Roger Federer (2004–2008) have won the most championships, with five titles. Federer has had the most consecutive wins, with five (2004–2008).[3]
Champions
United States National Championships
USNLTA clubs members only event * |
All Comers' winner, Challenge round winner ‡ |
Defending champion, Challenge round winner † |
All Comers' winner, no Challenge round ◊ |
Year | Country | Champion | Country | Runner-up | Score in the final[15] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1881 | USA | Richard Sears (1/7) * | GBR | William Glyn | 6–0, 6–3, 6–2 |
1882 | USA | Richard Sears (2/7) | USA | Clarence Clark | 6–1, 6–4, 6–0 |
1883 | USA | Richard Sears (3/7) | USA | James Dwight | 6–2, 6–0, 9–7 |
1884 | USA | Richard Sears (4/7) † | USA | Howard Taylor | 6–0, 1–6, 6–0, 6–2 |
1885 | USA | Richard Sears (5/7) † | USA | Godfrey Brinley | 6–3, 4–6, 6–0, 6–3 |
1886 | USA | Richard Sears (6/7) † | USA | Robert Livingston Beeckman | 4–6, 6–1, 6–3, 6–4 |
1887 | USA | Richard Sears (7/7) † | USA | Henry Slocum | 6–1, 6–3, 6–2 |
1888 | USA | Henry Slocum (1/2) ◊ | USA | Howard Taylor | 6–4, 6–1, 6–0 |
1889 | USA | Henry Slocum (2/2) † | USA | Quincy Shaw | 6–3, 6–1, 4–6, 6–2 |
1890 | USA | Oliver Campbell (1/3) ‡ | USA | Henry Slocum | 6–2, 4–6, 6–3, 6–1 |
1891 | USA | Oliver Campbell (2/3) † | USA | Clarence Hobart | 2–6, 7–5, 7–9, 6–1, 6–2 |
1892 | USA | Oliver Campbell (3/3) † | USA | Frederick Hovey | 7–5, 3–6, 6–3, 7–5 |
1893 | USA | Robert Wrenn (1/4) ◊ | USA | Frederick Hovey | 6–4, 3–6, 6–4, 6–4 |
1894 | USA | Robert Wrenn (2/4) † | GBR | Manliffe Goodbody | 6–8, 6–1, 6–4, 6–4 |
1895 | USA | Frederick Hovey (1/1) ‡ | USA | Robert Wrenn | 6–3, 6–2, 6–4 |
1896 | USA | Robert Wrenn (3/4) ‡ | USA | Frederick Hovey | 7–5, 3–6, 6–0, 1–6, 6–1 |
1897 | USA | Robert Wrenn (4/4) † | GBR | Wilberforce Eaves | 4–6, 8–6, 6–3, 2–6, 6–2 |
1898 | USA | Malcolm Whitman (1/3) ◊ | USA | Dwight Davis | 3–6, 6–2, 6–2, 6–1 |
1899 | USA | Malcolm Whitman (2/3) † | USA | Jahial Parmly Paret | 6–1, 6–2, 3–6, 7–5 |
1900 | USA | Malcolm Whitman (3/3) † | USA | William Larned | 6–4, 1–6, 6–2, 6–2 |
1901 | USA | William Larned (1/7) ◊ | USA | Beals Wright | 6–2, 6–8, 6–4, 6–4 |
1902 | USA | William Larned (2/7) † | GBR | Reginald Doherty | 4–6, 6–2, 6–4, 8–6 |
1903 | GBR | Laurence Doherty (1/1) ‡ | USA | William Larned | 6–0, 6–3, 10–8 |
1904 | USA | Holcombe Ward (1/1) ◊ | USA | William Clothier | 10–8, 6–4, 9–7 |
1905 | USA | Beals Wright (1/1) ‡ | USA | Holcombe Ward | 6–2, 6–1, 11–9 |
1906 | USA | William Clothier (1/1) ‡ | USA | Beals Wright | 6–3, 6–0, 6–4 |
1907 | USA | William Larned (3/7) ◊ | USA | Robert LeRoy | 6–2, 6–2, 6–4 |
1908 | USA | William Larned (4/7) † | USA | Beals Wright | 6–1, 6–2, 8–6 |
1909 | USA | William Larned (5/7) † | USA | William Clothier | 6–1, 6–2, 5–7, 1–6, 6–1 |
1910 | USA | William Larned (6/7) † | USA | Tom Bundy | 6–1, 5–7, 6–0, 6–8, 6–1 |
1911 | USA | William Larned (7/7) † | USA | Maurice McLoughlin | 6–4, 6–4, 6–2 |
1912 | USA | Maurice McLoughlin (1/2) | USA | Wallace Johnson | 3–6, 2–6, 6–2, 6–4, 6–2 |
1913 | USA | Maurice McLoughlin (2/2) | USA | R. Norris Williams | 6–4, 5–7, 6–3, 6–1 |
1914 | USA | R. Norris Williams (1/2) | USA | Maurice McLoughlin | 6–3, 8–6, 10–8 |
1915 | USA | Bill Johnston (1/2) | USA | Maurice McLoughlin | 1–6, 6–0, 7–5, 10–8 |
1916 | USA | R. Norris Williams (2/2) | USA | Bill Johnston | 4–6, 6–4, 0–6, 6–2, 6–4 |
1917[f] | USA | Robert Lindley Murray (1/2) | USA | Nathaniel Niles | 5–7, 8–6, 6–3, 6–3 |
1918 | USA | Robert Lindley Murray (2/2) | USA | Bill Tilden | 6–3, 6–1, 7–5 |
1919 | USA | Bill Johnston (2/2) | USA | Bill Tilden | 6–4, 6–4, 6–3 |
1920 | USA | Bill Tilden (1/7) | USA | Bill Johnston | 6–1, 1–6, 7–5, 5–7, 6–3 |
1921 | USA | Bill Tilden (2/7) | USA | Wallace Johnson | 6–1, 6–3, 6–1 |
1922 | USA | Bill Tilden (3/7) | USA | Bill Johnston | 4–6, 3–6, 6–2, 6–3, 6–4 |
1923 | USA | Bill Tilden (4/7) | USA | Bill Johnston | 6–4, 6–1, 6–4 |
1924 | USA | Bill Tilden (5/7) | USA | Bill Johnston | 6–1, 9–7, 6–2 |
1925 | USA | Bill Tilden (6/7) | USA | Bill Johnston | 4–6, 11–9, 6–3, 4–6, 6–3 |
1926 | FRA | René Lacoste (1/2) | FRA | Jean Borotra | 6–4, 6–0, 6–4 |
1927 | FRA | René Lacoste (2/2) | USA | Bill Tilden | 11–9, 6–3, 11–9 |
1928 | FRA | Henri Cochet (1/1) | USA | Francis Hunter | 4–6, 6–4, 3–6, 7–5, 6–3 |
1929 | USA | Bill Tilden (7/7) | USA | Francis Hunter | 3–6, 6–3, 4–6, 6–2, 6–4 |
1930 | USA | John Doeg (1/1) | USA | Frank Shields | 10–8, 1–6, 6–4, 16–14 |
1931 | USA | Ellsworth Vines (1/2) | USA | George Lott | 7–9, 6–3, 9–7, 7–5 |
1932 | USA | Ellsworth Vines (2/2) | FRA | Henri Cochet | 6–4, 6–4, 6–4 |
1933 | GBR | Fred Perry (1/3) | AUS | Jack Crawford | 6–3, 11–13, 4–6, 6–0, 6–1 |
1934 | GBR | Fred Perry (2/3) | USA | Wilmer Allison | 6–4, 6–3, 3–6, 1–6, 8–6 |
1935 | USA | Wilmer Allison (1/1) | USA | Sidney Wood | 6–2, 6–2, 6–3 |
1936 | GBR | Fred Perry (3/3) | USA | Don Budge | 2–6, 6–2, 8–6, 1–6, 10–8 |
1937 | USA | Don Budge (1/2) | GER | Gottfried von Cramm | 6–1, 7–9, 6–1, 3–6, 6–1 |
1938 | USA | Don Budge (2/2) | USA | Gene Mako | 6–3, 6–8, 6–2, 6–1 |
1939 | USA | Bobby Riggs (1/2) | USA | Welby Van Horn | 6–4, 6–2, 6–4 |
1940 | USA | Don McNeill (1/1) | USA | Bobby Riggs | 4–6, 6–8, 6–3, 6–3, 7–5 |
1941 | USA | Bobby Riggs (2/2) | USA | Frank Kovacs | 5–7, 6–1, 6–3, 6–3 |
1942 | USA | Ted Schroeder (1/1) | USA | Frank Parker | 8–6, 7–5, 3–6, 4–6, 6–2 |
1943 | USA | Joseph Hunt (1/1) | USA | Jack Kramer | 6–3, 6–8, 10–8, 6–0 |
1944 | USA | Frank Parker (1/2) | USA | Bill Talbert | 6–4, 3–6, 6–3, 6–3 |
1945 | USA | Frank Parker (2/2) | USA | Bill Talbert | 14–12, 6–1, 6–2 |
1946 | USA | Jack Kramer (1/2) | USA | Tom Brown | 9–7, 6–3, 6–0 |
1947 | USA | Jack Kramer (2/2) | USA | Frank Parker | 4–6, 2–6, 6–1, 6–0, 6–3 |
1948 | USA | Pancho Gonzales (1/2) | RSA | Eric Sturgess | 6–2, 6–3, 14–12 |
1949 | USA | Pancho Gonzales (2/2) | USA | Ted Schroeder | 16–18, 2–6, 6–1, 6–2, 6–4 |
1950 | USA | Arthur Larsen (1/1) | USA | Herbert Flam | 6–3, 4–6, 5–7, 6–4, 6–3 |
1951 | AUS | Frank Sedgman (1/2) | USA | Vic Seixas | 6–4, 6–1, 6–1 |
1952 | AUS | Frank Sedgman (2/2) | USA | Gardnar Mulloy | 6–1, 6–2, 6–3 |
1953 | USA | Tony Trabert (1/2) | USA | Vic Seixas | 6–3, 6–2, 6–3 |
1954 | USA | Vic Seixas (1/1) | AUS | Rex Hartwig | 3–6, 6–2, 6–4, 6–4 |
1955 | USA | Tony Trabert (2/2) | AUS | Ken Rosewall | 9–7, 6–3, 6–3 |
1956 | AUS | Ken Rosewall (1/2) | AUS | Lew Hoad | 4–6, 6–2, 6–3, 6–3 |
1957 | AUS | Mal Anderson (1/1) | AUS | Ashley Cooper | 10–8, 7–5, 6–4 |
1958 | AUS | Ashley Cooper (1/1) | AUS | Mal Anderson | 6–2, 3–6, 4–6, 10–8, 8–6 |
1959 | AUS | Neale Fraser (1/2) | USA | Alex Olmedo | 6–3, 5–7, 6–2, 6–4 |
1960 | AUS | Neale Fraser (2/2) | AUS | Rod Laver | 6–4, 6–4, 9–7 |
1961 | AUS | Roy Emerson (1/2) | AUS | Rod Laver | 7–5, 6–3, 6–2 |
1962 | AUS | Rod Laver (1/2) | AUS | Roy Emerson | 6–2, 6–4, 5–7, 6–4 |
1963 | MEX | Rafael Osuna (1/1) | USA | Frank Froehling | 7–5, 6–4, 6–2 |
1964 | AUS | Roy Emerson (2/2) | AUS | Fred Stolle | 6–4, 6–2, 6–4 |
1965 | ESP | Manuel Santana (1/1) | RSA | Cliff Drysdale | 6–2, 7–9, 7–5, 6–1 |
1966 | AUS | Fred Stolle (1/1) | AUS | John Newcombe | 4–6, 12–10, 6–3, 6–4 |
1967 | AUS | John Newcombe (1/2) | USA | Clark Graebner | 6–4, 6–4, 8–6 |
US Open
Statistics
Multiple champions
- Years in italic type denote titles defended in the challenge round.
(*) denotes event only for USNLTA club members only
Player | Amateur era | Open era | All-time | Years |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bill Tilden (USA) | 7 | 0 | 7 | 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1929 |
William Larned (USA) | 7 | 0 | 7 | 1901, 1902, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911 |
Richard Sears (USA) | 7 | 0 | 7 | 1881*, 1882, 1883, 1884, 1885, 1886, 1887 |
Pete Sampras (USA) | 0 | 5 | 5 | 1990, 1993, 1995, 1996, 2002 |
Jimmy Connors (USA) | 0 | 5 | 5 | 1974, 1976, 1978, 1982, 1983 |
Roger Federer (SUI) | 0 | 5 | 5 | 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 |
Novak Djokovic (SRB) | 0 | 4 | 4 | 2011, 2015, 2018, 2023 |
Rafael Nadal (ESP) | 0 | 4 | 4 | 2010, 2013, 2017, 2019 |
John McEnroe (USA) | 0 | 4 | 4 | 1979, 1980, 1981, 1984 |
Robert Wrenn (USA) | 4 | 0 | 4 | 1893, 1894, 1896, 1897 |
Ivan Lendl (TCH) | 0 | 3 | 3 | 1985, 1986, 1987 |
Oliver Campbell (USA) | 3 | 0 | 3 | 1890, 1891, 1892 |
Fred Perry (GBR) | 3 | 0 | 3 | 1933, 1934, 1936 |
Malcolm Whitman (USA) | 3 | 0 | 3 | 1898, 1899, 1900 |
Andre Agassi (USA) | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1994, 1999 |
Don Budge (USA) | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1937, 1938 |
Stefan Edberg (SWE) | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1991, 1992 |
Roy Emerson (AUS) | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1961, 1964 |
Neale Fraser (AUS) | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1959, 1960 |
Pancho Gonzales (USA) | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1948, 1949 |
Bill Johnston (USA) | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1915, 1919 |
Jack Kramer (USA) | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1946, 1947 |
René Lacoste (FRA) | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1926, 1927 |
Rod Laver (AUS) | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1962, 1969 |
Maurice McLoughlin (USA) | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1912, 1913 |
Robert Lindley Murray (USA) | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1917, 1918 |
John Newcombe (AUS) | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1967, 1973 |
Frank Parker (USA) | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1944, 1945 |
Patrick Rafter (AUS) | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1997, 1998 |
Bobby Riggs (USA) | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1939, 1941 |
Ken Rosewall (AUS) | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1956, 1970 |
Frank Sedgman (AUS) | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1951, 1952 |
Henry Slocum (USA) | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1888, 1889 |
Tony Trabert (USA) | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1953, 1955 |
Ellsworth Vines (USA) | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1931, 1932 |
Richard Norris Williams (USA) | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1914, 1916 |
Champions by country
Country | Amateur Era | Open Era | All-time | First title | Last title |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
United States (USA) | 66 | 19 | 85 | 1881 | 2003 |
Australia (AUS) | 12 | 6 | 18 | 1951 | 2001 |
Spain (ESP) | 1 | 6 | 7 | 1965 | 2022 |
Switzerland (SUI) | 0 | 6 | 6 | 2004 | 2016 |
Great Britain (GBR) | 4 | 1 | 5 | 1903 | 2012 |
Serbia (SRB) | 0 | 4 | 4 | 2011 | 2023 |
Czechoslovakia (TCH)[i] | 0 | 3 | 3 | 1985 | 1987 |
France (FRA) | 3 | 0 | 3 | 1926 | 1928 |
Sweden (SWE) | 0 | 3 | 3 | 1988 | 1992 |
Argentina (ARG) | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1977 | 2009 |
Russia (RUS) | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2000 | 2021 |
Austria (AUT) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2020 | 2020 |
Croatia (CRO) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2014 | 2014 |
Germany (GER)[j] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1989 | 1989 |
Mexico (MEX) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1963 | 1963 |
Romania (ROU) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1972 | 1972 |
See also
US Open other competitions
- List of US Open women's singles champions
- List of US Open men's doubles champions
- List of US Open women's doubles champions
- List of US Open mixed doubles champions
Grand Slam men's singles
- List of Australian Open men's singles champions
- List of French Open men's singles champions
- List of Wimbledon gentlemen's singles champions
- List of Grand Slam men's singles champions
Other events
- United States Amateur Tennis Championships
- U.S. Pro Tennis Championships
Notes
- ^ Played on HarTru surface.
- ^ Played on DecoTurf surface.
- ^ Known as the U.S. National Championships during the Amateur Era.[1][2]
- ^ a b The tournament entered the Open Era with the 1968 edition, allowing professional players to compete alongside amateurs.[3][4]
- ^ The US Open specifically uses DecoTurf hard courts, categorized as a "Medium" speed surface by the International Tennis Federation (ITF).[5]
- ^ The 1917 U.S. National Championships, taking place during World War I, were held as a National Patriotic Tournament awarding no prize to the winner.[16]
- ^ In 1970, 1971 and 1972 tiebreaks were "five point tiebreaks".
- ^ Competed under no flag due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
- ^ Czechoslovakia (TCH, 1918–1992), evolved into Czech Republic (CZE, 1992–present) and Slovakia (SVK, 1992–present).
- ^ One win by a player from West Germany (FRG, 1949–1990).
References
- General
- "History > Men's Singles Championships". usopen.org. IBM, United States Tennis Association. Archived from the original on June 9, 2009. Retrieved June 27, 2009.
- "US National/US Open Championships" (PDF). usta.com. United States Tennis Association. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 12, 2011. Retrieved June 27, 2009.
- Specific
- ^ a b c "History of the U.S. National Championships/US Open". usopen.org. IBM, United States Tennis Association. Archived from the original on July 4, 2009. Retrieved June 8, 2009.
- ^ a b "US National/US Open Championships" (PDF). usta.com. United States Tennis Association. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 12, 2011. Retrieved June 27, 2009.
- ^ a b c d "History > Men's Singles Championships". usopen.org. IBM, United States Tennis Association. Archived from the original on June 9, 2009. Retrieved June 27, 2009.
- ^ a b "History > Year-by-Year History". usopen.org. IBM, United States Tennis Association. Archived from the original on July 8, 2009. Retrieved June 27, 2009.
- ^ "List of Classified Court Surfaces". itftennis.com. ITF Licensing. Retrieved August 1, 2009.
- ^ "Tournament profile – US Open". atpworldtour.com. ATP Tour, Inc. Retrieved July 5, 2009.
- ^ a b c d e Axthelm, Pete; Talbert, William F. (1967). Tennis observed: The USLTA men's singles champions, 1881–1966. Barre Publishers.
- ^ Forest Hills: An illustrated history, Robert Minton, 1975, J. B. Lippincott Company, p.70
- ^ "Breaking with tradition". The Age. January 25, 2004. Retrieved July 27, 2009.
- ^ "Haas advocates 5th-set tiebreak". ESPN.com. ESPN. June 27, 2009. Retrieved September 25, 2009.
- ^ Adams, Susan B. (August 30, 1998). "The U.S. Open: A Celebration – A Retrospective: The Men; Twin Pillars of Fire and Ice". The New York Times. Retrieved July 14, 2009.
- ^ Fendrich, Howard (October 9, 2008). "Federer feels 'much better ... than I ever have'". USA Today. Associated Press (AP). Retrieved June 24, 2009.
- ^ "2009 Prize Money". usopen.org. IBM, United States Tennis Association. Archived from the original on August 28, 2009. Retrieved September 23, 2009.
- ^ "Olympus US Open Series at a glance". usopenseries.com. United States Tennis Association. May 26, 2009. Retrieved June 27, 2009.
- ^ a b "US Open champions". usopen.org. Archived from the original on September 14, 2022.
- ^ Williams, Paul B.; Grupp, George W.; Ferris, John A. (1921). United States Lawn Tennis Association and the World War. United States National Lawn Tennis Association, Robert Hamilton company. OCLC 07888301. Retrieved September 25, 2009.
External links
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