List of modern conflicts in North Africa
Incidents since 1918 with more than 100 casualties
Note:
- "Modern" is defined as post-WWI period, from 1918 until today.
- "North Africa" has a definition approximately that of the Arab term Maghreb, in addition to Egypt
- "Conflict" is defined as a separate 100+ casualty incident.
- In all cases conflicts are listed by total deaths, including subconflicts (specified below).
List of conflicts
Date | Conflict | Location | Casualties |
---|---|---|---|
1919 | Egyptian Revolution of 1919 | Egypt | 800[1]–3,000[2] |
1920–1926 | Rif War[3] | Republic of the Rif | 40,000–46,400 |
1939–1945 | Mediterranean, Middle East and African theatres of World War II [a][verification needed] | Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia | 1,000,000 |
1945 | 1945 Tripoli pogrom | British Tripolitania | 140 |
1946 | Egyptian Student Riots [4][verification needed][5] | Egypt | 100–300 |
1952 | Egyptian Revolution of 1952 | Egypt | 1,000 |
1952–1954 | Tunisian War of Independence[6] | Tunisia | 2,500 |
1955–1972 | First Sudanese Civil War | Sudan | 500,000 |
1954–1962 | Algerian War of Independence [7] | Algeria | 1,000,000–1,500,000 |
1957–1958 | Ifni War | Morocco, Spanish West Africa | 8,400 |
1958–1959 | 1958 Rif riots | Morocco | ~4000 |
1961 | Bizerte crisis | Tunisia | 654 |
1961–1964 | First Tuareg rebellion | Mali, Niger | |
1963–1964 | Sand War | Morocco, Algeria | 339 |
1963–1965 | Socialist Forces Front Kabyle rebellion | Algeria | 400[8] |
1965–1979 | Civil war in Chad | Chad | 500+ |
1970–present | Western Sahara conflict[b] | Mauritania, Morocco, Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic | 14,000–21,000 |
1977 | Libyan–Egyptian War[9] | Egypt, Libya | 500 |
1978–1987 | Chadian–Libyan conflict | Libya, Chad | 8,500 |
1979–1982 | Civil conflict in Chad[10][11] | Chad | |
1982–2002 | Chadian Civil War [citation needed] | Chad | 37,500 |
1983–2005 | Second Sudanese Civil War[12][13] | Sudan | 600,000–2,500,000 |
1983–1984 | Tunisian bread riots[14] | Tunisia | 150[15] |
1986 | Bombing of Libya (1986) | Libya | 100 |
1986 | 1986 Egyptian Conscription Riot[16] | Egypt | 107 |
1987 | Executions by Abu Nidal's organization[17] | Libya | 150–160 |
1990–1995 | Tuareg Rebellion (1990–1995)[c] | Mali, Niger | 650-1,500 |
1992–2000 | Terrorism in Egypt[18][unreliable source?] | Egypt | 1,300–2,000 |
1992–2002 | Algerian Civil War [citation needed] | Algeria | 100,000–200,000 |
2001–2002 | Black Spring (Kabylie)[19] | Algeria | 123 |
2002–present | Insurgency in the Maghreb | Morocco, Algeria, Mauritania, Niger, Mali | 6,000 |
2003–2020 | War in Darfur | Sudan | 100,000–330,000 |
2005–2010 | Civil war in Chad (2005–2010) | Chad, Sudan | 1,140 |
2007–2009 | Tuareg Rebellion (2007–2009) | Mali, Niger | 350–1,330 |
2009–present | Sudanese nomadic conflicts | Sudan, South Sudan | 3,000–3,500 |
2010–2011 | Tunisian Revolution | Tunisia | 338 |
2011–2020 | Sudan–SPLM-N conflict | Sudan | 1,500 |
2011–2014 | Egyptian Crisis (2011–2014) | Egypt | 4,686–4,687[d] |
2011–present | Libyan Crisis (2011–present) | Libya | 40,000+[e] |
2011–2013 | 2011–2013 Sudanese protests | Sudan | 200+ |
2012–present | Northern Mali conflict | Mali | 2,000+ |
Casualties breakdown
^ North African Campaign (WWII) – combined figure ~430,000 killed:
- Western Desert Campaign – 50,000 casualties
- Battle of Cape Bon – 900+ casualties
- Raid on Alexandria (1941) – 8 casualties
- Action off Cape Bougaroun – 27 killed
- Mers al-Kbir – 1,299 killed
- Operation Torch – 1,825 killed
- Tunisia campaign – ~376,000 killed
^ Western Sahara conflict (1970–present) combined casualty figure 14,000–21,000+:
- Western Sahara War – 7,000 Moroccan, Mauritianian and French soldiers killed; 4,000 Sahrawi People's Liberation Army soldiers killed; 3,000 civilians killed
- Second Sahrawi Intifada – 1 killed
- Gdeim Izik protest camp – 18–36 killed
- 2011 Sahrawi protests – 1 killed
- Western Saharan clashes (2020–present) - 66 killed
^ Tuareg rebellion (1990–1995) combined casualties at least 650–1,500:
- Tchin-Tabaradene massacre – 650–1,500 civilians killed
^ Egyptian Crisis (2011–2014) combined casualty figure 4,686–4,687:
- 2011 Egyptian Revolution – 846 killed
- Aftermath of the Egyptian Revolution – 300 killed
- Timeline of the Egyptian Crisis under Mohamed Morsi – 127–128 killed
- Post-coup unrest in Egypt (2013–2014) – 3,143 killed
- Insurgency in Egypt (2013–present) – 570 killed
^ Libyan Crisis (2011–present) combined casualty figure 40,000+:
- First Libyan Civil War – 25,000–30,000 killed
- Factional violence in Libya (2011–2014) – over 1,000 killed
- Second Libyan Civil War – thousands killed
See also
References
- ^ "800 NATIVES DEAD IN EGYPT'S RISING - 1,600 WOUNDED - Harmsworth Tells the Commons of Casualties in the Recent Outbreak. DEATH SENTENCES FOR 39 More Than 2,000 Imprisoned- British, Army Sustained Loss of 143. ALLENBY'S CONTROL FIRM Disorders Ended in April-Mahomed Said Pasha Co-operating as Premier. - Front Page - NYTimes.com". Select.nytimes.com. 10 June 2012. Retrieved 14 October 2013.
- ^ Schulze, Reinhard (March 2002). A Modern History of the Islamic World. NYU Press. ISBN 978-0-8147-9819-5.
- ^ Timeline for the Third Rif War (1920–25) Archived 20 December 2011 at the Wayback Machine Steven Thomas
- ^ "Egypt: Police Crack Down on Student Demonstration". Ikhwanweb. Retrieved 14 October 2013.
- ^ Ahmed Abdalla, The Student Movement and National Politics in Egypt 1923–1973. 2008: pp. 64–77 (1946: The Climax)
- ^ "French Tunisia (1881–1956)". University of Central Arkansas.
- ^ World Peace Foundation (August 2015). "Algeria: War of independence". Tufts University.
- ^ Le Saout, Didier; Rollinde, Marguerite (1999). Émeutes et Mouvements sociaux au Maghreb. Karthala. p. 46. ISBN 978-2-865-37998-9.
- ^ Pollack, Kenneth M. (21 January 2016). Arabs at War: Military Effectiveness, 1948–1991. Bison Books. p. 365. ISBN 978-0-8032-8783-9.
- ^ Sy, A. D. (June 1993). "Conflict and the women of Chad". Focus on Gender. 1 (2): 10–2. doi:10.1080/09682869308519962. PMID 12345211.
- ^ Sesay, Amadu. "The Limits of Peace-Keeping by a Regional Organization: The OAU Peace-Keeping Force in Chad". Centre for Digital Scholarship Journals.
- ^ "South Sudan profile – Timeline". BBC. August 2018.
- ^ World Peace Foundation (August 2015). "Sudan: 1985 – 2005". Tufts University.
- ^ WOODSON, WYATT (March 2018). "Tunisian (In)dependence and (Re)volution". anth461spring2018.web.unc.edu/.
- ^ Entelis, John Pierre (1997). Islam, Democracy, and the State in North Africa. Indiana University Press. p. 98. ISBN 0-253-21131-X. Retrieved 13 May 2015.
- ^ Europa Publications Limited, The Middle East & North Africa, Volume 50: p.303
- ^ The New York Times. 1990. "Last October, the Fatah Revolutionary Council split after Abu Nidal's top aide, Atef Abu Baker, defected to P.L.O. headquarters in Tunis and set up his own faction, which he called the Fatah Revolutionary Council Emergency Leadership. Abu Baker said he had acted after Abu Nidal killed 150 of his men at his head office in the Libyan capital, Tripoli."[1]
- ^ "Armed Conflicts Report – Egypt". Ploughshares.ca. Retrieved 1 February 2011.
- ^ "Algeria : Unrest and Impasse in Kabylia : 10 June 2013" (PDF). Crisisgroup.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 July 2013. Retrieved 14 October 2013.