Lower Chehalis language
Salishan language of North America
Lower Chehalis | |
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Łəw̓ál̕məš | |
Native to | United States |
Region | south of Olympic Peninsula, Washington |
Ethnicity | Chehalis people |
Extinct | 1990s[1] |
Language family | Salishan
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Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | cea |
Glottolog | lowe1427 |
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Lower Chehalis (Łəw̓ál̕məš) is a member of the Tsamosan (or Olympic Peninsula) branch of the Coast Salish family of Salishan languages. In some classifications, Lower Chehalis is placed closer to Quinault than it is to Upper Chehalis.
Phonology
Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
central | sibilant | lateral | plain | lab. | plain | lab. | |||||
Plosive/ Affricate | plain | p | t | ts | tʃ | k | kʷ | q | qʷ | ʔ | |
ejective | pʼ | tʼ | tsʼ | tɬʼ | tʃʼ | kʼ | kʷʼ | qʼ | qʷʼ | ||
Fricative | s | ɬ | ʃ | xʷ | χ | χʷ | h | ||||
Sonorant | plain | m | n | l | j | w | |||||
glottalized | ˀm | ˀn | ˀl | ˀj | ˀw |
Vowels are represented as /i ə u a/ and /iː uː aː/.[3] Allophones are also noted. Instead of the high /i/ and /u/, Kinkade claims the vowels are /e ə o a eː oː aː/, based on the most common allophones.[4]
Sound | Allophone |
---|---|
/i/ | [i], [e], [ɛ] |
/a/ | [aˤ], [a], [ɐ] |
/ə/ | [ɨ], [ə], [ʌ], [ɪ], [ʊ] |
/u/ | [u], [o], [ɔ] |
References
- ^ Lower Chehalis at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
- ^ Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (Report) (3rd ed.). UNESCO. 2010. p. 11.
- ^ Snow, Charles T. (June 1969). A Lower Chehalis Phonology (Master of Arts thesis). University of Kansas. hdl:1808/26715. Retrieved 2022-05-29.
- ^ Kinkade, M. Dale (July 1963). "Phonology and Morphology of Upper Chehalis: I". International Journal of American Linguistics. 29 (3): 181–195. doi:10.1086/464734.
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Central | |
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Tsamosan |
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Tillamook |
Northern | |
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Southern |
Italics indicate extinct languages
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