Matilda Simon, 3rd Baroness Simon of Wythenshawe
- Roger Simon, 2nd Baron Simon of Wythenshawe (father)
- Anthea Daphne May (mother)
Matilda Simon, 3rd Baroness Simon of Wythenshawe CEng MIMechE (born 1955) is a British peeress, retired academic, woodworker, and Green Party member. In 2002 she succeeded her father as the Baron Simon of Wythenshawe. In 2015 she came out as a transgender woman. Her claim to the barony, following her gender transition, was accepted by the Lord Chancellor in 2022, so she became the first transgender peer of the realm.
Early life, family, and education
Lady Simon was born in 1955, the second child of The Honourable Roger Simon and Anthea Daphne Simon.[1] She was assigned male at birth.[2] Her father was a solicitor, political activist, and left-wing journalist who served as secretary of the Labour Research Department. In 1960, her father inherited the Simon barony of Wythenshawe upon the death of his father, Ernest Simon, 1st Baron Simon of Wythenshawe, who was elevated to the peerage in 1947 by George VI.[2] Her grandmother, Shena Simon, Lady Simon of Wythenshawe, was a feminist educationalist and politician and the eponym of the Shena Simon Campus of The Manchester College. Matilda Simon's great-grandfather was the Prussian engineer Henry Gustav Simon.
She was educated at St Paul's School, London, and graduated from the University of Oxford's Balliol College with a Bachelor of Arts degree.[3] In 1983, she earned a Doctor of Philosophy from the University of Manchester.[3][2]
Career
From 1983 to 2013 she worked as a senior lecturer at Manchester Polytechnic and Sheffeld Hallam University.[3] She was registered as a chartered engineer and as a member of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers in 1991.[3] She is now a woodworker and furniture maker.[4]
In March 2014, she and her partner founded Rollins Wood, a 7-acre community woodland in Marple Bridge, planting 1,200 trees the following year.[5]
Peerage
As Lady Simon was assigned male at birth, later coming out as a transgender woman in 2015, she inherited the Simon barony of Wythenshawe in 2002 after the death of her father, which only passes to the heirs male of the body of the first Baron. Her claim to the peerage was approved by the Lord Chancellor, Dominic Raab, in 2022 after she had changed her gender identity.[6] According to the Gender Recognition Act 2004, a person changing gender does not affect the descent of any peerage or dignity or title of honour.[7] In 2022, she successfully applied to be added to the "Register of Hereditary Peers", the list of "eligible hereditary peers who have indicated their wish to stand in by-elections for the House".[6] However, she was removed from that list around May 2023.[8]
The Daily Telegraph suggested she could stand in the by-election for the House of Lords in 2023 to replace Lucius Cary, 15th Viscount Falkland,[2] but she did not do so. (Cary had been elected to the House as a Liberal Democrat in 1999, but switched to Crossbencher in 2011. By convention, he would be replaced by a Liberal Democrat, but peers from any party were allowed to stand for the by-election.) Had she succeeded Lord Falkland, she would have been the first transgender woman to join the House of Lords as one of the ninety-two hereditary peers.[9] She would have become the first woman with a hereditary peerage to sit in the House of Lords since the retirement of Margaret of Mar, 31st Countess of Mar and the second transgender person in Parliament, after Jamie Wallis.[10]
Most British peerages (including the Simon barony) can only be inherited by men under the system of agnatic primogeniture. No female hereditary peers have entered the House of Lords through the by-election process yet,[6] since no woman has ever stood as a candidate for a by-election.[11] Conservative politician Anne Jenkin, Baroness Jenkin of Kennington, and Charlotte Carew Pole, the daughter-in-law of Sir Richard Carew Pole, 13th Baronet, both called into question the validity of Lady Simon's peerage,[2] since she is only able to hold the peerage due to being assigned male at birth.[12] Carew Pole discussed Lady Simon's situation with The Daily Telegraph, saying, "Lady Matilda, Baron of Wythenshawe, has helped highlight several issues around inheritance and gender laws, where we now find ourselves in the absurd position of a younger son inheriting a title but identifying as a woman to stand in the hereditary peers by-elections, so keeping her new identity of a woman and the rights of a man to inherit."[2] Carew Pole went on to question challenge the validity of Lady Simon's title, as she is not the eldest child of the 2nd Baron Simon of Wythenshawe and therefore, as she is also a woman, the title should go to her elder sister, The Hon. Margaret Simon.[2] However, Margaret Simon could not have succeeded to the barony even if Matilda had been born female, as the barony can only be inherited by "heirs male of the body";[12] it would have passed to a male-line cousin of Margaret and Matilda instead.
References
- ^ Leith, Sam (23 May 2022). "Should a trans woman inherit a peerage over their older sister?". The Spectator. Retrieved 2 June 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f g Somerville, Ewan (13 May 2023). "Daughters excluded from peerage due to gender outraged by trans woman standing for Lords seat". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 2 June 2023.
- ^ a b c d Mosley, Charles, ed. (2003). Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage, 107th edition, 3 volumes. p. volume 3, page 3625.
- ^ "Matilda Simon, Chapel-en-le-Frith / Woodcraft and furniture". Derbyshire Open Arts 2017. 27 May 2017. Retrieved 2 June 2023.
- ^ "Rollins Wood Marple Bridge Community Woodland". Marple Bridge. 2015. Retrieved 6 June 2023.
- ^ a b c "Barony of Simon of Wythenshawe in the Peerage of the United Kingdom The". House of Lords Business. 18 May 2023. Retrieved 2 June 2023.
- ^ "Women, hereditary peerages and gender inequality in the line of succession". National Review. 3 October 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2023.
- ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20220801000000*/https://www.parliament.uk/business/publications/house-of-lords-publications/records-of-activities-and-membership/register-of-all-hereditary-peers/register-of-hereditary-peers-running-list/ She was listed in August 2022 and February 2023, but no longer appeared in the May 2023 version.
- ^ Bodkin, Henry (20 May 2022). "First trans peer a step closer as hereditary candidate claims seat". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 2 June 2023.
- ^ "The House of Lord's Only 'Female' Hereditary Member". National Review. 23 May 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2023.
- ^ See the candidate lists By-elections to the House of Lords.
- ^ a b "No. 37872". The London Gazette. 4 February 1947. p. 613.
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Preceded by | Baron Simon of Wythenshawe 2002–present | Incumbent |
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- Philip Chetwode, 2nd Baron Chetwode
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- Richard Broadbridge, 5th Baron Broadbridge
- Jeffrey Evans, 4th Baron Mountevans
- James Lindsay, 3rd Baron Lindsay of Birker
- James Piercy, 3rd Baron Piercy
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- Charles Muff, 3rd Baron Calverley
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- Alastair Campbell, 4th Baron Colgrain
- Paul Davies, 4th Baron Darwen
- Simon Lucas, 3rd Baron Lucas of Chilworth
- Graeme Shepherd, 3rd Baron Shepherd
- Francis Newall, 2nd Baron Newall
- Patrick Lawrence, 3rd Baron Oaksey
- Robert Maffey, 3rd Baron Rugby
- Jonathan Layton, 4th Baron Layton
- Matilda Simon, 3rd Baroness Simon of Wythenshawe
- Edward Kershaw, 4th Baron Kershaw
- David Trefgarne, 2nd Baron Trefgarne
- Robert Crook, 3rd Baron Crook
- Keith Montague, 3rd Baron Amwell
- Michael Richards, 3rd Baron Milverton
- David Colville, 3rd Baron Clydesmuir
- Fraser Burden, 4th Baron Burden
- Christopher Guest, 5th Baron Haden-Guest
- Christopher Silkin, 3rd Baron Silkin (disclaimed)
- Matthew Hives, 3rd Baron Hives
- Malcolm Greenhill, 3rd Baron Greenhill
- Tudor Rees-Williams, 4th Baron Ogmore
- Jonathan Morris, 3rd Baron Morris of Kenwood
- James Macpherson, 3rd Baron Macpherson of Drumochter
- Michael Whitfield, 3rd Baron Kenswood
- Valerian Freyberg, 3rd Baron Freyberg
- Richard Milner, 3rd Baron Milner of Leeds
- James Kirkwood, 4th Baron Kirkwood
- Christopher Wise, 3rd Baron Wise
- Christopher Jeffreys, 3rd Baron Jeffreys
- Hugh O'Neill, 3rd Baron Rathcavan
- James Baillieu, 3rd Baron Baillieu
- John Suenson-Taylor, 3rd Baron Grantchester
- James Law, 3rd Baron Coleraine
- Charles Harvey, 3rd Baron Harvey of Tasburgh
- Richard Gridley, 3rd Baron Gridley
- William Fraser, 3rd Baron Strathalmond
- Thomas Galbraith, 2nd Baron Strathclyde
- Ralph Assheton, 2nd Baron Clitheroe
- Duncan McNair, 3rd Baron McNair
- Alisdair Hopkinson, 2nd Baron Colyton
- John Astor, 3rd Baron Astor of Hever
- John Sinclair, 3rd Baron Sinclair of Cleeve
- Mark Bridges, 3rd Baron Bridges
- George Norrie, 2nd Baron Norrie
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- William Harding, 3rd Baron Harding of Petherton
- David Charles Poole, 2nd Baron Poole
- Nicholas Rootes, 3rd Baron Rootes
- James Turner, 3rd Baron Netherthorpe
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- Patrick Spens, 4th Baron Spens
- Oliver MacAndrew, 4th Baron MacAndrew
- Alistair Nelson, 4th Baron Nelson of Stafford
- Charles Baring, 2nd Baron Howick of Glendale
- Alan Sanderson, 2nd Baron Sanderson of Ayot (disclaimed)
- Henry Lytton Cobbold, 3rd Baron Cobbold
- William Robertson, 3rd Baron Robertson of Oakridge
- Simon Marks, 3rd Baron Marks of Broughton
- Ailwyn Broughton, 3rd Baron Fairhaven
- Robert Seager, 3rd Baron Leighton of St Mellons
- Michael Brain, 3rd Baron Brain
- Charles Low, 2nd Baron Aldington
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- Max Wyndham, 2nd Baron Egremont
- David Thomson, 3rd Baron Thomson of Fleet
- John Robinson, 2nd Baron Martonmere
- Dwight Makins, 3rd Baron Sherfield
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- Jonathan Hope, 3rd Baron Glendevon
- Robert Grimston, 3rd Baron Grimston of Westbury
- Robert Renwick, 3rd Baron Renwick
- Richard Hughes-Young, 2nd Baron St Helens
- Alastair Morrison, 3rd Baron Margadale
^* Also a Lord in the Peerage of Scotland, ^• Also a Baron in the Peerage of Ireland