Moussa Ibrahim
Moussa Ibrahim | |
---|---|
Moussa Ibrahim March 2013 | |
Born | (1974-12-07) 7 December 1974 (age 49) Sirte, Libyan Arab Republic |
Nationality | Libyan |
Alma mater | University of Exeter School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London Royal Holloway, University of London |
Occupation | Government spokesman |
Organization | Libyan Arab Jamahiriya |
Known for | Libyan Civil War |
Moussa Ibrahim Gaddafi (Arabic: موسى إبراهيم ; romanized also as Mussa and Musa, born 7 December 1974)[1] is a Libyan political figure who rose to international attention in 2011 as Muammar Gaddafi's Information Minister and official spokesman, serving in this role until the government was toppled the same year in the Libyan Civil War. Ibrahim held frequent press conferences in the course of the war, denouncing rebel forces and the NATO-led military intervention, often in defiant and impassioned tones. His status and whereabouts remained unknown following the Battle of Tripoli in which the Gaddafi government was overthrown, although there were several claims and subsequent refutations of his capture.[2] Eventually, in late 2014, it was discovered he was in Egypt before he was deported and fled to Serbia. On 12 January 2015 Moussa Ibrahim spoke publicly by video link at a political event hosted at the Committee Rooms Houses of Parliament, Westminster, London from an undisclosed location, also the Director of Private Security Company.
Biography
Ibrahim was born on 7 December 1974 into Gaddafi's Qadhadhfa tribe. He studied politics at the University of Exeter in the early 2000s, where he met his future wife Julia Ramelow, a German-born theology student, with whom he has a young son.[3] He worked on a PhD in media arts at Royal Holloway, University of London, completing his final exam in May 2010.[4] One of Ibrahim's lecturers at the University of Exeter, Dr. Larbi Sadiki, described him as an engaging, friendly but serious student — "a nice guy but with a short fuse."[5] He told Sky News: "I lived in London for 15 years. I know every street in London. I know how decent the British people are."[6]
On 19 August 2011, his brother was allegedly killed by a NATO Apache helicopter in Zawiya.[7] During the Battle of Tripoli, he called for a ceasefire and blamed NATO and the West for the situation, saying that the conflicting parties should sit down and negotiate; although he also said that thousands of professional soldiers were ready to defend Tripoli against rebel forces staging an uprising within the capital, as well those advancing towards the city from Zawiya.[8]
After the fall of Tripoli, Ibrahim allegedly went on the run with Saif al-Islam Gaddafi and was sighted by a senior NTC field commander in Bani Walid. He was involved in negotiations with the NTC in Bani Walid and insisted that the rebels disarm before entering the town, which ultimately led to the breakdown in negotiations on 4 September 2011.[9] Ibrahim also used local radio in Bani Walid to prevent people from surrendering to the NTC by claiming they were NATO and al-Qaeda.[10]
On 5 September 2011, Ibrahim called Reuters by telephone to confirm that Muammar Gaddafi was still in Libya, but declined to say where Gaddafi or himself was.[11]
On 16 September 2011, Ibrahim phoned Syria-based pro-Gaddafi Arrai TV and claimed that Gaddafi supporters had the ability to continue their resistance for months and that Gaddafi supporters had infiltrated into the NTC's ranks and were working to sabotage them from within.[12]
On 26 September 2011, Ibrahim called Reuters by satellite phone to confirm that he was in Sirte the day before when it came under attack by NTC and acknowledged that the situation in Sirte was "quite bad."[13] He confirmed that Gaddafi was still in Libya, but refused to comment on the specific location. He also claimed that he had left Sirte, but vowed to "go back there." It was incorrectly reported by Misrata-based Freedom TV on 29 September 2011 that Ibrahim had been captured near Sirte by NTC fighters while "dressed as a woman."[14][15] No independent confirmation was forthcoming, and the report was denied by a pro-Gaddafi TV channel. Later that day a spokesman for the Misrata Military Council, Adel Ibrahim, told AFP "We cannot confirm he was arrested", and two days later an NTC commander admitted they had not captured him.[16]
On 20 October 2011, on the day Gaddafi was killed in the Battle of Sirte, Reuters reported that Ibrahim had been captured near Sirte, according to a Libyan transitional forces commander;[17] however, this was again proven to be untrue. On 22 October 2011, he was reportedly captured for a third time, along with Saif al-Islam Gaddafi, near Bani Walid.[18] This claim was also discredited, as Saif was not captured until 19 November near the town of Ubari. On 20 January 2012, it was reported for the fourth time that Ibrahim had been captured in Asbi'a, Libya.[19] However, the following day these claims were denied by officials in Tripoli.[20] On 22 January 2012, a video was released showing Ibrahim boarding an airplane and claimed he was in "excellent health."[21]
On 20 October 2012, Ibrahim was reported captured for the fifth time, in the town of Tarhuna, 40 miles south of Tripoli.[22] For the first time, the reports were backed by the government, who said he was "being transferred to Tripoli to begin interrogation."[23] An audio clip was then released on Facebook, purporting to be Ibrahim's voice denying the reports.[24][25] On 24 October, government spokesman Nasser Al Manaa apologised for the false reports along with claims that Khamis Gaddafi had been killed.[26] In fact, Khamis Gaddafi had been killed by a NATO airstrike on 29 August 2011 near Tarhuna and his death was confirmed by Arrai TV on 18 October 2011.[27]
Ibrahim's elder brother Mohamed Ibrahim Mansour, a "senior finance official" under Gaddafi, was reportedly arrested in Cairo on 19 March 2013, facing charges of corruption.[28] Several new audio clips purportedly of Ibrahim have been published online, but remain unverified.
On 31 October 2014, Egypt, which had become increasingly close to the internationally recognized government of Libya based in Tobruk, agreed to deport Moussa Ibrahim from Cairo.[29][how?]
On 12 January 2015, Moussa Ibrahim spoke publicly by video link at an event called "Libya: NATO's untold story" hosted by the Tricontinental Anti-Imperialist Platform at the Committee Rooms Houses of Parliament, in Westminster, London.[30][31]
On 27 April 2019, Moussa Ibrahim revealed that Gaddafi loyalists, including military, security, and civil society leaderships, had declared support for Khalifa Haftar, and praised Haftar's Operation Dignity for the release and general amnesty of Gaddafi regime detainees.[32]
On 18 January 2020, Moussa Ibrahim claimed on RT that Green Resistance (Gaddafi loyalists) was using Haftar's army as a "vehicle for sovereign Libya."[33] On 13 December 2021, he appeared on RT again to talk about the 2021–22 Libyan presidential election.[34]
See also
- Moussa Koussa, Libyan minister for foreign affairs, March 2009 to March 2011
- Hala Misrati
- Baghdad Bob
- Green Resistance
References
- ^ Al-awsat, Asharq. "Middle-east Arab News Opinion". eng-archive.aawsat.com (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 21 September 2022.
- ^ "Libya: Confusion at fate of Gaddafi aide Moussa Ibrahim". BBC News. 21 October 2012. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
- ^ "UK-loving true believer sells Gaddafi's message". The Australian. 11 April 2011. Retrieved 20 September 2013.
- ^ Coward, Ros (25 October 2011). "My Christmas with Gaddafi's spokesman". The Guardian. Retrieved 12 January 2016.
- ^ Kelly, Jon (2 April 2011). "Moussa Ibrahim: How Libya's voice was shaped in Britain". BBC News Magazine. Retrieved 2 April 2011.
- ^ Lisa, Holland (22 March 2011). "Full Interview With Moussa Ibrahim". Sky News. Retrieved 2 April 2011.
- ^ "Brother of Libya's information minister reported killed in NATO strike". CNN. 19 August 2011.
- ^ "Libya conflict: Rebels push towards Tripoli". BBC News. 21 August 2011.
- ^ "Libya rebels: Talks over Bani Walid have failed". NBC News. 4 September 2011. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
- ^ Smith, David (5 September 2011). "Gaddafi security chief flees to Niger". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
- ^ "Gaddafi still alive and well in Libya, spokesman says". France 24. 14 September 2011. Retrieved 26 September 2020.
- ^ "Gaddafi loyalists repel assault on Bani Walid". France 24. 16 September 2011. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
- ^ Malone, Barry (26 September 2011). "Libya's Moussa Ibrahim says was in Sirte on Sunday". Reuters. Retrieved 26 September 2020.
- ^ "Gaddafi's spokesman arrested near Sirte: TV". Xinhua News Agency. 29 September 2011. Archived from the original on 1 October 2011. Retrieved 29 September 2011.
- ^ "Libya: Gaddafi mouthpiece caught 'fleeing dressed as a woman'". The Telegraph. 29 September 2011. Retrieved 26 September 2020.
- ^ Nikolas, Katerina (1 October 2011). "NTC commander admits did not capture Moussa Ibrahim". Digital Journal. Retrieved 26 October 2011.
- ^ "Gaddafi spokesman Moussa Ibrahim captured --NTC". Reuters Africa. Reuters. 20 October 2011. Archived from the original on 23 October 2011. Retrieved 20 October 2011.
- ^ Nikolas, Katerina (23 October 2011). "Libya's NTC claim Saif al-Islam Gaddafi captured alive, uninjured". Digital Journal.
- ^ "Reports: Former Gaddafi Spokesman Captured". SKY News. Retrieved 20 October 2012.
- ^ McSmith, Andy (21 January 2012). "Inspectors uncover Gaddafi's secret stash of chemical weapons". The Independent. London.
- ^ "Dr. Moussa Ibrahim is alive and in good health". YouTube. 22 January 2012.
- ^ "Libya gov't says former Gaddafi spokesman captured". Reuters. 20 October 2012. Archived from the original on 23 October 2012. Retrieved 20 October 2012.
- ^ "Gaddafi spokesman Moussa Ibrahim 'captured in Libya'". BBC. 20 October 2012. Retrieved 20 October 2012.
- ^ the CNN Wire Staff (20 October 2012). "Former Gadhafi spokesman denies capture in Libya". CNN. Retrieved 26 September 2020.
{{cite web}}
:|author=
has generic name (help) - ^ "Confusion in Libya over fate of former Gaddafi spokesman". Reuters. 20 October 2012. Retrieved 20 October 2012.
- ^ "Bani Walid falls". Libya Herald.
- ^ "Death of Khamis Gaddafi confirmed". www.iol.co.za. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
- ^ "Extradited Qaddafi regime figures flown into Tripoli". Libya Herald. 26 March 2013. Retrieved 20 September 2013.
- ^ "Former Gaddafi spokesman expelled from Egypt -state newspaper". Reuters. 31 October 2014. Retrieved 26 September 2020.
- ^ "Libya: Dr. Moussa Ibrahim speaks -state newspaper". Pravda. 17 February 2015. Archived from the original on 22 January 2015. Retrieved 16 February 2015.
- ^ "Dr Moussa Ibrahim's first public address since Nato's War on Libya in 2011 -video". Youtube. 17 February 2015. Archived from the original on 10 March 2016. Retrieved 16 February 2015.
- ^ "Former regime spokesman: It's time for Dignity Operation to abandon February 17 revolution | The Libya Observer". www.libyaobserver.ly. Retrieved 26 September 2020.
- ^ Gomati, Anas El (18 January 2020). "Russia's Role in the Libyan Civil War Gives It Leverage Over Europe". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 26 September 2020.
- ^ Gaddafi's Ex-Spox: Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi Has Widest Support Heading Into Libyan Elections!, retrieved 14 December 2021
External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- Moussa Ibrahim's YouTube Channel
- Moussa Ibrahim's first public address since Libya war in 2011: Dr Moussa Ibrahim's first public address since Nato's War on Libya in 2011. 12 January 2015. Retrieved 16 February 2015.
- Facebook public invitation to event with Moussa Ibrahim's first public address since Libya war in 2011: Libya: Nato's untold story. 12 January 2015. Retrieved 16 February 2015.
- Interview video: CNN: Gadhafi spokesman on drug claim– Anderson Cooper interviews Moussa Ibrahim about Gaddafi's claim that hallucinogens are being forced on the protesters for the unrest. 2 March 2011. Retrieved 1 April 2011.
- Video of Moussa Ibrahim: "Libyan government reacts to Moussa Koussa's defection- video- Gaddafi spokesman Mussa Ibrahim plays down foreign minister's decision, claiming that he was a 'very ill person' who had taken time off to rest", guardian.co.uk, 31 March 2011. Retrieved 1 April 2011. (See also the article Moussa Koussa.)
- Reuters' article Ggypt Gaddafi spokesman Retrieved 1 November 2014.
- Moussa Ibrahim collected news and commentary at Al Jazeera English
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