Species of rodent
Muennink's spiny rat |
Conservation status |
Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1)[1] |
Scientific classification |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Mammalia |
Order: | Rodentia |
Family: | Muridae |
Genus: | Tokudaia |
Species: | T. muenninki |
Binomial name |
Tokudaia muenninki
(Johnson, 1946) |
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Muennink's spiny rat or Okinawa spiny rat (Tokudaia muenninki, Japanese: オキナワトゲネズミ, romanized: Okinawa togenezumi or 沖縄棘鼠) is a species of rodent in the family Muridae.[2] Endemic to Okinawa Island, Japan, its natural habitat is subtropical moist broadleaf forest. The karyotype has 2n = 44.[2] Its sex chromosomes are abnormally large, while the other two species in Tokudaia have lost their Y chromosome.[3] It is found only on the northern part (Yanbaru area) of the island, above 300 m,[1] and is thought to inhabit an area of less than 3 km2.[4]
The head and body are up to 7 inches long with a 5-inch tail. They weigh up to 7 ounces. They have a short thick body and dense fur, consisting of fine hairs and coarse, grooved spines (hence the common name “spiny rat”). The fur is brownish above and grayish white below with a faint orange tinge. The spines on the animal's back are black throughout while the spines underneath are usually white with a reddish-brown tip. The spines cover the body except for the regions around the mouth, ears, feet and tail. The tail is bi-colored for its entire length.[5]
The species is threatened by deforestation, predation by feral cats and introduced mongooses, and competition with introduced black rats.[1] In March 2008, the first wild specimen in over 30 years was caught in the northern part of Okinawa.[6]
References
- ^ a b c Ishii, N. (2016). "Tokudaia muenninki". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T21972A22409515. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T21972A22409515.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
- ^ a b Musser, G. G.; Carleton, M. D. (2005). "Superfamily Muroidea". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 1512–1513. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
- ^ Murata, C.; Yamada, F.; Kawauchi, N.; Matsuda, Y.; Kuroiwa, A. (2011-12-24). "The Y chromosome of the Okinawa spiny rat, Tokudaia muenninki, was rescued through fusion with an autosome". Chromosome Research. 20 (1): 111–125. doi:10.1007/s10577-011-9268-6. PMID 22198613.
- ^ "Okinawa Spiny Rat". EDGE of Existence.
- ^ "EDGE of Existence". EDGE of Existence. Retrieved 2017-03-02.
- ^ "幻のネズミ、30年ぶり捕獲 沖縄北部の絶滅危惧種". Archived from the original on 2008-03-09. Retrieved 2008-03-09.
Extant species of subfamily
Murinae (Aethomys–Chrotomys)
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Aethomys Division | Aethomys (Bush rats) | - Bocage's rock rat (A. bocagei)
- red rock rat (A. chrysophilus)
- Grant's rock mouse (A. (Micaelamys) granti)
- Hinde's rock rat (A. hindei)
- Tete veld aethomys (A. ineptus)
- Kaiser's rock rat (A. kaiseri)
- Namaqua rock rat (A. (Micaelamys) namaquensis)
- Nyika rock rat (A. nyikae)
- Selinda veld rat (A. silindensis)
- Tinfields rock rat (A. stannarius)
- Thomas's rock rat (A. thomasi)
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Apodemus Division | Apodemus (Old world field mice) | - striped field mouse (A. agrarius)
- Alpine field mouse (A. alpicola)
- small Japanese field mouse (A. argenteus)
- A. avicennicus
- Chevrier's field mouse (A. chevrieri)
- South China field mouse (A. draco)
- Western broad-toothed field mouse (A. epimelas)
- yellow-necked mouse (A. flavicollis)
- Himalayan field mouse (A. gurkha)
- Caucasus field mouse (A. hyrcanicus)
- Sichuan field mouse (A. latronum)
- Eastern broad-toothed field mouse (A. mystacinus)
- Ward's field mouse (A. pallipes)
- Korean field mouse (A. peninsulae)
- Black Sea field mouse (A. ponticus)
- Kashmir field mouse (A. rusiges)
- Taiwan field mouse (A. semotus)
- large Japanese field mouse (A. speciosus)
- wood mouse (A. sylvaticus)
- Ural field mouse (A. uralensis )
- Steppe field mouse (A. witherbyi)
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Tokudaia (Ryukyu spiny rats) | - Muennink's spiny rat (T. muenninki)
- Ryukyu spiny rat (T. osimensis)
- Tokunoshima spiny rat (T. tokunoshimensis)
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Arvicanthis Division | Arvicanthis (Unstriped grass mice) | - Abyssinian grass rat (A. abyssinicus)
- Sudanian grass rat (A. ansorgei)
- Blick's grass rat (A. blicki)
- Nairobi grass rat (A. nairobae)
- Neumann's grass rat (A. neumanni)
- African grass rat (A. niloticus)
- Guinean grass rat (A. rufinus)
|
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Desmomys | - Harrington's rat (D. harringtoni)
- Yalden's rat (D. yaldeni)
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Lemniscomys (Striped grass mice) | - Barbary striped grass mouse (L. barbarus)
- Bellier's striped grass mouse (L. bellieri)
- Griselda's striped grass mouse (L. griselda)
- Hoogstraal's striped grass mouse (L. hoogstraali)
- Senegal one-striped grass mouse (L. linulus)
- Buffoon striped grass mouse (L. macculus)
- Mittendorf's striped grass mouse (L. mittendorfi)
- single-striped grass mouse (L. rosalia)
- Rosevear's striped grass mouse (L. roseveari)
- typical striped grass mouse (L. striatus)
- Heuglin's striped grass mouse (L. zebra)
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Mylomys | - African groove-toothed rat (M. dybowskii)
- Ethiopian mylomys (M. rex)
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Pelomys (Groove-toothed creek rats) | - Bell groove-toothed swamp rat (P. campanae)
- Creek groove-toothed swamp rat (P. fallax)
- Hopkins's groove-toothed swamp rat (P. hopkinsi)
- Issel's groove-toothed swamp rat (P. isseli)
- least groove-toothed swamp rat (P. minor)
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Rhabdomys | - mesic four-striped grass rat (R. dilectus)
- four-striped grass mouse (R. pumilio)
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Chrotomys Division | Apomys | - Luzon Cordillera forest mouse (A. abrae)
- Luzon Aurora forest mouse (A. aurorae)
- Mount Banahaw forest mouse (A. banahao)
- Mount Tapulao forest mouse (A. brownorum)
- Camiguin forest mouse (A. camiguinensis)
- Luzon montane forest mouse (A. datae)
- large Mindoro forest mouse (A. gracilirostris)
- Mount Apo forest mouse (A. hylocoetes)
- Mindanao montane forest mouse (A. insignis)
- Mount Irid forest mouse (A. iridensis)
- Mindanao lowland forest mouse (A. littoralis)
- Lubang forest mouse (A. lubangensis)
- Luzon giant forest mouse (A. magnus)
- small Luzon forest mouse (A. microdon)
- Mount Mingan forest mouse (A. minganensis)
- least forest mouse (A. musculus)
- long-nosed Luzon forest mouse (A. sacobianus)
- Sierra Madre forest mouse (A. sierrae)
- Luzon Zambales forest mouse (A. zambalensis)
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Archboldomys | - Mount Isarog shrew-mouse (A. luzonensis)
- Large Cordillera shrew-mouse (A. maximus)
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Soricomys | |
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Chrotomys (Luzon striped rats) | - Isarog striped shrew-rat (C. gonzalesi)
- Mindoro striped rat (C. mindorensis)
- Sibuyan striped shrew-rat (C. sibuyanensis)
- blazed Luzon shrew-rat (C. silaceus)
- Luzon striped rat (C. whiteheadi)
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Rhynchomys (Shrewlike rats) | - Banahao shrew-rat (R. banahao)
- Isarog shrew-rat (R. isarogensis)
- Labo shrew-rat (R. labo)
- Mingan shrew-rat (R. mingan)
- Mount Data shrew-rat (R. soricoides)
- Tapulao shrew-rat (R. tapulao)
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- See also
- Colomys–Golunda
- Hadromys–Maxomys
- Melasmothrix–Mus
- Oenomys–Pithecheir
- Pogonomys–Pseudomys
- Rattus
- Stenocephalomys–Xeromys
- Otomys
- Others
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Taxon identifiers |
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Tokudaia muenninki | |
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