Parque de la Exposición
Park of the Exhibition | |
---|---|
![]() Byzantine Pavilion | |
![]() | |
Type | Public park |
Location | Santa Beatriz, Lima |
Area | 112,804 m2 |
Created | July 1, 1872 |
Operated by | Empresa Municipal Inmobiliaria de Lima (EMILIMA) |
The Park of the Exhibition (Spanish: Parque de la Exposición), known between 1999 and 2004 as the Grand Park of Lima (Spanish: Gran Parque de Lima),[1] is a park located in the neighbourhood of Santa Beatriz, itself part of the buffer zone of the historic centre of Lima, Peru. It was built to replace the city's walls, demolished as part of a citywide renovation project in order to host an international exhibition in 1872.
History
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Parque_expo_plazuela.jpg/220px-Parque_expo_plazuela.jpg)
The park was occupied by the south gate of the Walls of Lima, known as Puerta de Guadalupe. In the 1870s President José Balta ordered the demolition of these walls within its modernisation plan of the city. It was planned that this location would be aimed at building a park that would house the Lima International Exhibition of 1872.[2] Thus, alongside the park, rose the Palacio de la Exposición (now the Lima Art Museum).
The park plan was made by Manuel Atanasio Fuentes [es; qu] and Italian architect Antonio Leonardi. Its design was neo-Renaissance and included the construction of pavilions including a zoo and other buildings. Leonardi also designed the Palacio de la Exposición. In the beginning the largest, covering the current and contemporary Park of the Reserve and the land where now stands the Estadio Nacional, were part of the park.
Zoo
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Entrada_zoo_expo_lima.jpg/220px-Entrada_zoo_expo_lima.jpg)
Among the park's features was a zoo, whose animals (and plants) were brought from the Peruvian Amazon by an expedition headed by Henrique Casseu in 1871. The expo's catalog lists a total of 271 different species of animals. In addition to this collection, donations were also made, such as that of Peruvian minister in Brazil Luis Mesones, who donated two tigers that arrived via boat.[3]
After the exhibition ended, the part of the zoo that faced the (now demolished) square of the same name remained. With the construction of the Paseo Colón in 1899, a new entrance was built. It was completely destroyed during the War of the Pacific by the Chilean Army as part of its occupation of the city, with some animals killed and others stolen by the invading army, as was the case of the lions taken to Santiago Zoo.[3]
After the war, the zoo was reestablished through donations from locals and eventual foreign acquisitions, existing until its decay in the early 20th century, caused by poor hygiene conditions and improper care of the animals, the growth of the city, and the worldwide crisis. In 1935, on the city's 400th anniversary, mayor Luis Gallo Porras ordered that the zoo be moved to Barranco District, which was not done until 1944.[3] This new zoo closed in 1970, replaced by the Parque de las Leyendas.[4]
Post-Exhibition
During the War of the Pacific, the park housed a garrison and a hospital prior to the occupation, later serving as a headquarters for the Chilean troops.
With the celebration of the centennial of the independence of Peru, Augusto B. Leguía ordered the construction of several additional buildings, such as the Byzantine Hall and the building that served as headquarters of the Ministry of Development and Public Works, which currently houses the Metropolitan Museum of Lima since 2010.[5]
In 1961 the demolition of the so-called Panopticon was ordered,[6] to be replaced by the Civic Centre construction project.[7] The land north of the park, currently home to the Centre for Military and Historical Studies and the Museum of Italian Art, originally belonged to the park itself.
During the 1970s, the park fell into a severe decline. In the 1990s, during the administration of Alberto Andrade, it was restored and lakes and an amphitheatre were created and the park opened to the park. Andrade renamed the park calling it the Grand Park of Lima (Spanish: Gran Parque de Lima) but it later returned to its original name.
Landmarks
Name | Notes | Photo |
---|---|---|
Buildings | ||
Palace of the Exhibition | The palace was built alongside the park, between 1870 and 1871. It was raised on land formerly belonging to the San Martín and Santa Beatriz fundos. It housed a monumental clock until the War of the Pacific, when it was looted and taken to Santiago. It currently houses the Lima Art Museum. | ![]() |
Byzantine Pavilion | Also known as the President's Pavilion, it was built during the government of Augusto B. Leguía as part of the centennial celebrations. | ![]() |
Moorish Pavilion | Originally known as the Gothic Pavilion, it was also built under Leguía as part of the centennial celebrations. | ![]() |
Metropolitan Museum | The building, designed by Claude Sahut, was part of the centennial works and once housed the Ministry of Development and Public Works. On October 10, 2010, the museum was inaugurated. | ![]() |
La Cabaña Theatre | It currently functions as the headquarters of the National Higher School of Dramatic Art. | ![]() |
Nicomedes Santa Cruz amphitheatre | Part of the 1999 works, it has a seating capacity of 4,500 people. | ![]() |
Museum of Italian Art | The work of Gaetano Moretti [es], it was part of the centennial works and a gift to the city by its Italian community. | ![]() |
Centre for Military Historical Studies | Originally the Peruvian Pavilion at the Exposition Universelle of 1900 in Paris, it was disassembled and rebuilt in Peru. It housed the National Institute of Hygiene and later a Traffic Command until 1960, when it was donated to the Armed Forces. | ![]() |
Seismographic Pavilion [es] | Once the site of the first seismographic observations of Peru, headed by scientist Scipión Llona,[8][9] it currently functions as an infirmary. Restoration works were carried out in 1981 by architect Jorge Cosmópolis. | ![]() |
Sculptures | ||
Chinese Fountain | Donated by the Chinese colony, its design represents the white, the yellow and black races. On the sides are two allegories that represent the Amazon and Yellow rivers, made in bronze by the sculptor Ettore Graziosi. There are also four representations of the Raimondi Stele from the Chavín culture. | ![]() |
Neptune Fountain | The fountain is named after the sculpture of the the Roman god, the work of Vital Gabriel Dubray [es], which was acquired by the Peruvian government for the 1872 fair.[10] It was looted during the occupation of Lima, but eventually returned to its original location.[11] | ![]() |
Ricardo Palma Fountain | It was inaugurated on February 7, 1962, by Mayor Héctor García Ribeyro in honour of Ricardo Palma. Its sculptures are the work of Manuel Piqueras Cotoli and the platform that houses them was made by Juan Benites Dubeau. | ![]() |
Bust of Fernando Belaúnde | The bust, a joint project between the Metropolitan Municipality of Lima and Saint Ignatius of Loyola University, was inagurated in 2012, commemorating the 100th anniversary of the birth of Fernando Belaúnde, two-time president of Peru. | ![]() |
See also
References
- ^ Vadillo Vila, José (2017-10-30). "Espacio de limeñidad". El Peruano.
- ^ "Parque de la Exposición". World Monuments Fund. May 2021. Retrieved 16 February 2024.
- ^ a b c "El Zoológico de la Exposición". Medium.com. Cultura Para Lima. 2018-09-10.
- ^ García, Miguel (2021-03-14). "En 1962 el curioso paso de un elefante y un camello alborotó las calles limeñas". El Comercio.
- ^ "Museo Metropolitano De Lima". Recursos Turísticos.
- ^ Batalla, Carlos (2020-04-28). "La impresionante mudanza y demolición de la Penitenciaría de Lima a inicios de los años 60". El Comercio.
- ^ Batalla, Carlos (2019-10-27). "¿Sabía cómo fue el cierre de la cárcel más antigua del Perú?". El Comercio.
- ^ Diario de los debates de la Cámara de Diputados (in Spanish). Lima: Talleres tipográficos de LA PRENSA. 1923. p. 653.
- ^ Anuario bibliográfico peruano (in Spanish). Editorial Lumen. 1944. p. 225.
- ^ Hernández, Laura (2022-06-09). "Escultura de Neptuno de Lima: esta es su sorprendente historia". La Sexta.
- ^ Villantoy Gómez, Abigail (2023-09-29). "La sorprendente historia de la escultura de Neptuno de Lima: el tesoro subestimado en la capital peruana". Infobae.
- v
- t
- e
![MTR Logo](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_Lima.svg/90px-Flag_of_Lima.svg.png)
- Balconies of Lima
- Basilica and Convent of Nuestra Señora de la Merced
- Monument
- Plazoleta
- Basilica and Convent of San Francisco
- Basilica and Convent of San Pedro
- Basilica of Santo Domingo
- Casa de Aliaga
- Casa de Divorciadas
- Casa de Osambela
- Casa de Pilatos
- Casa del Oidor
- Casa Goyeneche
- Casa Hacienda Punchauca
- Casa Matusita
- Casa O'Higgins
- Casa Riva-Agüero
- Casona of the National University of San Marcos
- Cathedral Basilica of Lima
- Sanctuary
- Cementerio Presbítero Matías Maestro
- Church of Jesus, Mary, and Joseph
- Church of Saint Catherine of Siena
- Church of Saint Lazarus
- Church of the Good Death
- Church of the Holy Christ of Wonders
- Church of the Orphans
- Church of Our Lady of Copacabana
- Church of Our Lady of Mount Carmel
- Church of Our Lady of Patronage
- Church of Saint Anne
- Church of Saint Augustine
- Church of Saint Liberata
- Church of Saint Mary Magdalene
- Convent of Our Lady of the Angels
- Cuartel Barbones
- Fort of Santa Catalina
- Iglesia de la Recoleta
- Mogrovejo Hospital
- Monastery of Saint Rose of Lima
- National Mint of Peru
- Palacio de la Magdalena
- Palacio de Torre Tagle
- Panteón de los Próceres
- Plaza de toros de Acho
- Real Felipe Fortress
- Royal College of the University of San Marcos
- Royal Hospital of Saint Andrew
- Sanctuary and Monastery of Las Nazarenas
- Sanctuary of Saint Rose of Lima
- Seminario de Lima
- St. Clare's Monastery
- St. Sebastian's Church
- Trinitarian Church
- Walls of Lima
- Archbishop's Palace
- Association of Amateur Artists
- Atlas Building
- Bar Cordano
- BBVA Building
- Begonias Tower
- Casa Arenas Loayza
- Casa de Correos y Telégrafos
- Casa de las Trece Monedas
- Casa del Pueblo
- Casa Fernandini, Lima
- Casa Fernandini, Santa María del Mar
- Casa Roosevelt
- Casa Rusa
- Casa Sal y Rosas
- Casa Suárez
- Chinatown
- Chocavento Tower
- Church of Our Lady of the Forsaken
- Club de la Unión
- Club Nacional
- Country Club Lima Hotel
- Cristo del Pacífico
- Delfines Hotel & Convention Center
- Desamparados station
- Diez de Octubre School
- Eduardo Dibos Colosseum
- El Ángel Cemetery
- Gamarra
- Government Palace
- Gran Hotel Bolívar
- Gran Hotel Maury
- Guadalupe College
- Hermitage of Barranco
- Hospital Civil de la Misericordia
- Hotel Crillón
- Immaculate Heart of Mary Church
- Institute of Hygiene
- Interbank Building
- Javier Alzamora Valdez Building
- La Atarjea
- La Colmena Building
- La Rosa Náutica
- Larcomar
- Library of Congress
- Lima Civic Center
- Legislative Palace
- Lima Convention Center
- Lima Stock Exchange Building
- Luis Gálvez Chipoco Stadium
- Mesa Redonda
- Monumental Stadium
- Morro Solar War Monument
- Mosque of Lima
- National Geographic Institute
- National Library of Peru
- National Maternal Perinatal Institute
- National Stadium of Peru
- Palacio de la Exposición
- Palacio de Miraflores
- Palacio Municipal
- Palace of Justice
- Petroperú Building
- Public Ministry of Peru
- Quinta Heeren
- Quinta Leuro
- Quinta Presa
- Rospigliosi Castle
- Saint Thérèse of the Child Jesus Church
- Sheraton Lima Historic Center
- Stone of Taulichusco
- The Westin Lima Hotel & Convention Center
- Torre Banco de la Nación
- Aeronautical Museum
- Bodega y Quadra Museum
- Canout Theatre
- Casa Grau Naval Museum
- Combatants of the Morro de Arica Museum
- DIRCOTE Museum
- Gold Museum of Peru and Arms of the World
- Gran Teatro Nacional
- José Carlos Mariátegui Museum
- Larco Museum
- Lima Art Museum
- Metropolitan Museum
- Morro Solar Planetarium
- Municipal Theatre Museum
- Museum of Congress and the Inquisition
- Museum of Contemporary Art
- Museum of the Brain
- Museum of the Central Reserve Bank of Peru
- Museum of Elections and Democracy
- Museum of Italian Art
- Museum of Natural History
- National Afro-Peruvian Museum
- National Museum of Archaeology, Anthropology and History
- National Museum
- National Museum of Peruvian Culture
- Naval Museum
- Pinacotheca of Lima
- Teatro Colón
- Teatro Municipal
- Teatro Peruano Japonés
- Teatro Segura
- Cinco esquinas
- Jirón de la Unión
- Pasaje Olaya
- Paseo de los Héroes Navales
- Las llamas
- La yunta
- Paseo Colón
- Columbus Statue
- Pizza Blvd.
- Plaza de la Bandera
- Plaza Bolívar
- Plaza Bolognesi
- Plaza de la Democracia
- Plaza Dos de Mayo
- Plaza Francia
- Statue of Liberty
- Plaza Grau
- Monument
- Plaza Italia
- Plaza Manco Cápac
- Plaza Mayor
- Plaza Perú
- Plaza Ramón Castilla
- Monument
- Plaza San Martín
- Plazuela de las Artes
- Plazuela del Teatro
- Alameda Chabuca Granda
- Alameda de los Descalzos
- Bridge of Sighs
- Campo de Marte
- Costa Verde Pan-American Complex
- El Olivar
- Friendship Park
- Heroes of Independence Park
- Huachipa Zoo
- Malecón de Miraflores
- Medicinal Botanical Garden
- Kennedy Park
- Lachay National Reserve
- Pantanos de Villa Wildlife Refuge
- Parque de la Exposición
- Parque de La Muralla
- Parque de la Reserva
- Parque de las Leyendas
- Paseo de Aguas
- Plazuela Chabuca Granda
- Reducto № 2
- University Park
- Antonio Ruiz de Montoya University
- Cayetano Heredia University
- Federico Villarreal National University
- National Superior Autonomous School of Fine Arts
- National University of Engineering
- National University of San Marcos
- Officers' School of the National Police of Peru
- Peruvian University of Applied Sciences
- Pontifical Catholic University of Peru
- Raúl Porras Barrenechea Institute
- Ricardo Palma University
- Technological University of Peru
- University of Engineering and Technology
- University of Lima
- Banco Comercial
- Barranco Lake
- Barranco Zoo
- Cabildo of Lima
- Casa Alcántara
- Casa Marcionelli
- Casa Oechsle
- Casa Tenaud
- Church of Our Lady of the Forsaken
- Cine Tauro
- El Sexto Prison
- Gate of Lima
- Giacoletti Building
- Great Clock of Lima
- Hipódromo de San Felipe
- Hipódromo de Santa Beatriz
- Lima Penitentiary
- Limatambo Airport
- Limatambo Building
- Marsano Palace
- Moorish Arch
- Museo de la Nación
- National Stadium
- San Jorge Prison
- San Martín barracks
- Venetian Palace
- Saint Paul's College
- Viceregal Palace
12°03′41″S 77°02′12″W / 12.06139°S 77.03667°W / -12.06139; -77.03667