Primulina
Genus of flowering plants
| Primulina | |
|---|---|
 | |
| A Primulina hybrid, Primulina linearifolia × Primulina sinensis | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Gesneriaceae |
| Subfamily: | Didymocarpoideae |
| Genus: | Primulina Hance (1883) |
| Species[1] | |
| 232; see text | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
| |
Primulina is a genus of flowering plants in the African violet family Gesneriaceae. It includes 232 species native to southern and north-central China and northern Vietnam.[1] The species are mostly calciphilous, and typically grow in the extensive limestone karst regions of China and Vietnam.[2]
In 2011 the genus was expanded with the transfer of many species that had previously been placed in the genus Chirita.[3] In 2016 five species were moved to the genus Deinostigma,[4] which was merged into Metapetrocosmea in 2022.[5] A phylogenetic study published in 2023 concluded that the southernmost three species of Primulina, endemic to the Langbiang Plateau in southern Vietnam, constitute a separate genus which was named Langbiangia.[2]
Species
232 species are accepted.[1][4][6]
- Primulina alba R.F.Li & B.Pan
- Primulina albicalyx B.Pan & Li H.Yang
- Primulina alutacea F.Wen, B.Pan & B.M.Wang
- Primulina anisocymosa F.Wen, Xin Hong & Z.J.Qiu
- Primulina arcuata G.L.Xu & L.Ding
- Primulina argentea Xin Hong, F.Wen & S.B.Zhou
- Primulina atroglandulosa (W.T.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina atropurpurea (W.T.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina baishouensis (Y.G.Wei, H.Q.Wen & S.H.Zhong) Yin Z.Wang
- Primulina balansae (Drake) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina beiliuensis B.Pan & S.X.Huang
- Primulina bicolor (W.T.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina bipinnatifida (W.T.Wang) Yin Z.Wang & J.M.Li
- Primulina bobaiensis Q.K.Li, Qiang Zhang & Wen L.Li
- Primulina bogneriana (B.L.Burtt) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina brachystigma (W.T.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina brachytricha (W.T.Wang & D.Y.Chen) R.B.Mao & Yin Z.Wang
- Primulina brassicoides (W.T.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina bullata S.N.Lu & F.Wen
- Primulina cangwuensis Xin Hong & F.Wen
- Primulina carinata Y.G.Wei, F.Wen & H.Z.Lü
- Primulina carnosifolia (C.Y.Wu ex H.W.Li) Yin Z.Wang
- Primulina cataractarum X.L.Yu & A.Liu
- Primulina cerina F.Wen, Yi Huang & W.C.Chou
- Primulina chingipengii W.B.Xu & K.F.Chung
- Primulina chizhouensis Xin Hong, S.B.Zhou & F.Wen
- Primulina clausa P.W.Li & M.Kang
- Primulina colaniae (Pellegr.) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina confertiflora (W.T.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina cordata Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina cordifolia (D.Fang & W.T.Wang) Yin Z.Wang
- Primulina cordistigma F.Wen, B.D.Lai & B.M.Wang
- Primulina crassifolia (Aver. & K.S.Nguyen) T.P.Anh, F.Wen & Mich.Möller
- Primulina crassirhizoma F.Wen, Bo Zhao & Xin Hong
- Primulina crassituba (W.T.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina cruciformis (Chun) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina curvituba B.Pan, L.H.Yang & M.Kang
- Primulina danxiaensis (W.B.Liao, S.S.Lin & R.J.Shen) W.B.Liao & K.F.Chung
- Primulina davidioides F.Wen & Xin Hong
- Primulina debaoensis N.Jiang & Hong Li
- Primulina demissa (Hance) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina depressa (Hook.f.) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina dichroantha F.Wen, Y.G.Wei & S.B.Zhou
- Primulina diffusa Xin Hong, F.Wen & S.B.Zhou
- Primulina dongguanica F.Wen, Y.G.Wei & R.Q.Luo
- Primulina drakei (B.L.Burtt) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina dryas (Dunn) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina duanensis F.Wen & S.L.Huang
- Primulina eburnea (Hance) Yin Z.Wang
- Primulina effusa F.Wen & B.Pan
- Primulina elegans B. M. Wang, Y. H. Tong & N. H. Xia
- Primulina fangdingii B.M.Wang, B.Pan & B.D.Lai
- Primulina fangii (W.T.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina fengkaiensis Z.L.Ning & M.Kang
- Primulina fengshanensis F.Wen & Yue Wang
- Primulina fimbrisepala (Hand.-Mazz.) Yin Z.Wang
- Primulina flavimaculata (W.T.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina flexusa F.Wen, T.Peng & B.Pan
- Primulina floribunda (W.T.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina fordii (Hemsl.) Yin Z.Wang
- Primulina gemella (D.Wood) Yin Z.Wang
- Primulina gigantea F.Wen, B.Pan & W.H.Luo
- Primulina glabrescens (W.T.Wang & D.Y.Chen) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina glandaceistriata X.X.Zhu, F.Wen & H.Sun
- Primulina glandulosa (D.Fang, L.Zeng & D.H.Qin) Yin Z.Wang
- Primulina gongchengensis Y.S.Huang & Yan Liu
- Primulina gracilipes X.L.Yu & A.Liu
- Primulina grandibracteata (J.M.Li & Mich.Möller) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina gueilinensis (W.T.Wang) Yin Z.Wang & Yan Liu
- Primulina guigangensis L.Wu & Qiang Zhang
- Primulina guihaiensis (Y.G.Wei, B.Pan & W.X.Tang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina guizhongensis Bo Zhao, B.Pan & F.Wen
- Primulina halongensis (Kiew & T.H.Nguyên) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina hedyotidea (Chun) Yin Z.Wang
- Primulina hengshanensis L.H.Liu & K.M.Liu
- Primulina heterochroa F.Wen & B.D.Lai
- Primulina heterotricha (Merr.) Y.Dong & Yin Z.Wang
- Primulina hezhouensis (W.H.Wu & W.B.Xu) W.B.Xu & K.F.Chung
- Primulina hiemalis Xin Hong & F.Wen
- Primulina hiepii (Kiew) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina hochiensis (C.C.Huang & X.X.Chen) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina huaijiensis Z.L.Ning & Jing Wang
- Primulina huangii F.Wen & Z.B.Xin
- Primulina huangjiniana W.B.Liao, Q.Fan & C.Y.Huang
- Primulina hunanensis K.M.Liu & X.Z.Cai
- Primulina inflata Li H.Yang & M.Z.Xu
- Primulina jianghuaensis K.M.Liu & X.Z.Cai
- Primulina jiangyongensis X.L.Yu & Ming Li
- Primulina jingxiensis (Yan Liu, W.B.Xu & H.S.Gao) W.B.Xu & K.F.Chung
- Primulina jiulianshanensis F.Wen & G.L.Xu
- Primulina jiuwanshanica (W.T.Wang) Yin Z.Wang
- Primulina jiuyishanica Kun Liu, D.C.Meng & Z.B.Xin
- Primulina juliae (Hance) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina langshanica (W.T.Wang) Yin Z.Wang
- Primulina latinervis (W.T.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina lechangensis Xin Hong, F.Wen & S.B.Zhou
- Primulina leeii (F.Wen, Yue Wang & Q.X.Zhang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina leiophylla (W.T.Wang) Yin Z.Wang
- Primulina leiyyi F.Wen, Z.B.Xin & W.C.Chou
- Primulina lepingensis Z.L.Ning & Ming Kang
- Primulina leprosa (Yan Liu & W.B.Xu) W.B.Xu & K.F.Chung
- Primulina lianchengensis B.J.Ye & S.P.Chen
- Primulina liangwaniae B.M.Wang & Y.H.Tong
- Primulina lianpingensis Li Hua Yang, H.H.Kong & M.Kang
- Primulina liboensis (W.T.Wang & D.Y.Chen) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina lienxienensis (W.T.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina liguliformis (W.T.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina lijiangensis (B.Pan & W.B.Xu) W.B.Xu & K.F.Chung
- Primulina linearicalyx F.Wen, B.D.Lai & Y.G.Wei
- Primulina linearifolia (W.T.Wang) Yin Z.Wang
- Primulina lingchuanensis (Yan Liu & Y.G.Wei) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina linglingensis (W.T.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina liujiangensis (D.Fang & D.H.Qin) Yan Liu
- Primulina lobulata (W.T.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina longgangensis (W.T.Wang) Yan Liu & Yin Z.Wang
- Primulina longicalyx (J.M.Li & Yin Z.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina longii (Z.Yu Li) Z.Yu Li
- Primulina longzhouensis (B.Pan & W.H.Wu) W.B.Xu & K.F.Chung
- Primulina lunglinensis (W.T.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina lungzhouensis (W.T.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina luochengensis (Yan Liu & W.B.Xu) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina lutea (Yan Liu & Y.G.Wei) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina lutescens B.Pan & H.S.Ma
- Primulina lutvittata F.Wen & Y.G.Wei
- Primulina luzhaiensis (Yan Liu, Y.S.Huang & W.B.Xu) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina mabaensis K.F.Chung & W.B.Xu
- Primulina maciejewskii F.Wen, R.L.Zhang & A.Q.Dong
- Primulina macrodonta (D.Fang & D.H.Qin) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina macrorhiza (D.Fang & D.H.Qin) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina maguanensis (Z.Yu Li, H.Jiang & H.Xu) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina malingheensis X.X.Bai, F.Wen & Y.L.Zhou
- Primulina malipoensis Li H.Yang & M.Kang
- Primulina medica (D.Fang) Yin Z.Wang
- Primulina melanofilamenta Y.Liu & F.Wen
- Primulina minor F.Wen & Y.G.Wei
- Primulina minutimaculata (D.Fang & W.T.Wang) Yin Z.Wang
- Primulina modesta (Kiew & T.H.Nguyên) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina moi F.Wen & Y.G.Wei
- Primulina mollifolia (D.Fang & W.T Wang) J.M.Li & Yin Z.Wang
- Primulina multifida B.Pan & K.F.Chung
- Primulina nana C.Xiong, W.C.Chou & F.Wen
- Primulina nandanensis (S.X.Huang, Y.G.Wei & W.H.Luo) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina napoensis (Z.Yu Li) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina ningmingensis (Yan Liu & W.H.Wu) W.B.Xu & K.F.Chung
- Primulina niveolanosa F.Wen, S.Li & W.C.Chou
- Primulina nymphaeoides Y.G.Wei & W.C.Chou
- Primulina obtusidentata (W.T.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina ophiopogoides (D.Fang & W.T.Wang) Yin Z.Wang
- Primulina orthandra (W.T.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina papillosa Z.B.Xin, W.C.Chou & F.Wen
- Primulina parvifolia (W.T.Wang) Yin Z.Wang & J.M.Li
- Primulina pengii W.B.Xu & K.F.Chung
- Primulina persica F.Wen, Yi Huang & W.C.Chou
- Primulina petrocosmeoides B.Pan & F.Wen
- Primulina pingleensis Ying Qin & Yan Liu
- Primulina pingnanensis Xin Hong, Z.L.Li & W.C.Chou
- Primulina pinnata (W.T.Wang) Yin Z.Wang
- Primulina pinnatifida (Hand.-Mazz.) Yin Z.Wang
- Primulina polycephala (Chun) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina porphyrea X.L.Yu & Ming Li
- Primulina pseudoeburnea (D.Fang & W.T.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina pseudoglandulosa W.B.Xu & K.F.Chung
- Primulina pseudoheterotricha (T.J.Zhou, B.Pan & W.B.Xu) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina pseudomollifolia W.B.Xu & Yan Liu
- Primulina pseudoroseoalba Jian Li, F.Wen & L.J.Yan
- Primulina pteropoda (W.T.Wang) Yan Liu
- Primulina pungentisepala (W.T.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina purpurea F.Wen, Bo Zhao & Y.G.Wei
- Primulina purpureokylin F.Wen, Yi Huang & W.C.Chou
- Primulina qingyuanensis Z.L.Ning & Ming Kang
- Primulina qintangensis Z.B.Xin, W.C.Chou & F.Wen
- Primulina quanbaensis Aver., K.S.Nguyen, T.P.Anh & F.Wen
- Primulina renifolia (D.Fang & D.H.Qin) J.M.Li & Yin Z.Wang
- Primulina repanda (W.T.Wang) Yin Z.Wang
- Primulina ronganensis (D.Fang & Y.G.Wei) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina rongshuiensis (Yan Liu & Y.S.Huang) W.B.Xu & K.F.Chung
- Primulina roseoalba (W.T.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina rosulata (F.Wen & Y.G.Wei) Z.L.Ning & X.Y.Zhuang
- Primulina rotundifolia (Hemsl.) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina rubella L.H.Yang & M.Kang
- Primulina rubribracteata Z.L.Ning & M.Kang
- Primulina rufipes Y.L.Su, P.Yang & Yan Liu
- Primulina sclerophylla (W.T.Wang) Yan Liu
- Primulina secundiflora (Chun) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina semicontorta (Pellegr.) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina serrulata R.B.Zhang & F.Wen
- Primulina shaowuensis X.X.Su, Liang Ma & S.P.Chen
- Primulina shouchengensis (Z.Yu Li) Z.Yu Li
- Primulina sichuanensis (W.T.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina silaniae X.X.Bai & F.Wen
- Primulina sinovietnamica W.H.Wu & Qiang Zhang
- Primulina skogiana (Z.Yu Li) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina spadiciformis (W.T.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina speluncae (Hand.-Mazz.) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina spinulosa (D.Fang & W.T.Wang) Yin Z.Wang
- Primulina spiradiclioides Z.B.Xin & F.Wen
- Primulina subrhomboidea (W.T.Wang) Yin Z.Wang
- Primulina subulata (W.T.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina subulatisepala (W.T.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina suichuanensis X.L.Yu & J.J.Zhou
- Primulina swinglei (Merr.) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina tabacum Hance
- Primulina tenuifolia (W.T.Wang) Yin Z.Wang
- Primulina tenuituba (W.T.Wang) Yin Z.Wang
- Primulina tiandengensis (F.Wen & H.Tang) F.Wen & K.F.Chung
- Primulina titan Z.B.Xin, W.C.Chou & F.Wen
- Primulina tribracteata (W.T.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina tsoongii H.L.Liang, Bo Zhao & F.Wen
- Primulina varicolor (D.Fang & D.H.Qin) Yin Z.Wang
- Primulina verecunda (Chun) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina versicolor F.Wen, B.Pan & B.M.Wang
- Primulina vestita (D.Wood) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina villosissima (W.T.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina wangiana (Z.Yu Li) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina weii Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina wenii Jian Li & L.J.Yan
- Primulina wentsaii (D.Fang & L.Zeng) Yin Z.Wang
- Primulina wuae F.Wen & L.F.Fu
- Primulina xinningensis (W.T.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina xiuningensis (X.L.Liu & X.H.Guo) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina xiziae F.Wen, Yue Wang & G.J.Hua
- Primulina xuansonensis W.H.Chen & Y.M.Shui
- Primulina yandongensis Ying Qin & Yan Liu
- Primulina yangchunensis Y.L.Zheng & Y.F.Deng
- Primulina yangshanensis W.B.Xu & B.Pan
- Primulina yangshuoensis Y.G.Wei & F.Wen
- Primulina yingdeensis Z.L.Ning, M.Kang & X.Y.Zhuang
- Primulina yulinensis Ying Qin & Yan Liu
- Primulina yungfuensis (W.T.Wang) Mich.Möller & A.Weber
- Primulina zixingensis L.H.Yang & B.Pan
Formerly placed here
- Langbiangia annamensis (Pellegr.) Luu, C.L.Hsieh & K.F.Chung (as P. annamensis (Pellegr.) Mich.Möller & A.Weber)
- Langbiangia poilanei (Pellegr.) Luu, C.L.Hsieh & K.F.Chung (as P. poilanei (Pellegr.) Mich.Möller & A.Weber)
- Langbiangia scutellifolia (Luu, N.L.Vu & T.Q.T.Nguyen) Luu, C.L.Hsieh & K.F.Chung (as P. scutellifolia Luu, N.L.Vu & T.Q.T.Nguyen)
- Metapetrocosmea cycnostyla (B.L.Burtt) Yin Z.Wang & P.W.Li (as P. cycnostyla (B.L.Burtt) Mich.Möller & A.Weber)
- Metapetrocosmea cyrtocarpa (D.Fang & L.Zeng) Yin Z.Wang & P.W.Li (as P. cyrtocarpa (D.Fang & L.Zeng) Mich.Möller & A.Weber)
- Metapetrocosmea eberhardtii (Pellegr.) Yin Z.Wang & P.W.Li (as P. eberhardtii (Pellegr.) Mich.Möller & A.Weber)
- Metapetrocosmea minutihamata (D.Wood) Yin Z.Wang & P.W.Li (as P. minutihamata (D.Wood) Mich.Möller & A.Weber)
- Metapetrocosmea tamiana (B.L.Burtt) Yin Z.Wang & P.W.Li (as P. tamiana (B.L.Burtt) Mich.Möller & A.Weber)
References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Primulina.
- ^ a b c d Primulina Hance. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 11 August 2024.
- ^ a b Luu HT, Hsieh C-L, Chuang C-R, Chen C- W, Tran NT, Vu NL, et al. (2023) Langbiangia, a new genus of Gesneriaceae endemic to Langbiang Plateau, southern Vietnam and a taxonomic endeavor to achieve key targets of the post-2020 global biodiversity framework. PLoS ONE 18(5): e0284650. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0284650
- ^ Weber, A.; Middleton, D.J.; Forrest, A.; Kiew, R.; Lim, C.L.; Rafidah, A.R.; Sontag, S.; Triboun, P.; Wei, Y.-G.; Yao, T.L.; Möller, M. (2011). "Molecular systematics and remodelling of Chirita and associated genera (Gesneriaceae)". Taxon. 60 (3): 767–790. doi:10.1002/tax.603012.
- ^ a b M. Möller; K. Nishii; H.J. Atkins; H.H. Kong; M. Kang; Y.G. Wei; F. Wen; X. Hong; D.J. Middleton (2016), "An expansion of the genus Deinostigma (Gesneriaceae)" (PDF), Gardens' Bulletin Singapore, 68 (1): 145–172, doi:10.3850/S2382581216000119
- ^ Metapetrocosmea W.T.Wang. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 11 August 2024.
- ^ Tong, Yi-Hua; Wang, Bing-Mou; Vu, Tien Chinh; Xia, Nian-He (2020). "Primulina elegans (Gesneriaceae), a new species from North Vietnam". Nordic Journal of Botany. 38 (11). doi:10.1111/njb.02942. ISSN 1756-1051. S2CID 229482376.
