Radeon 300 series
- 690M (Exo) 28 nm
- 950M (Oland) 28 nm
- 1.500M (Cape Verde) 28 nm
- 1.550M (Meso) 28 nm
- 2.080M (Bonaire) 28 nm
- 2.800M (Pitcairn) 28 nm
- 5.000M (Tonga) 28 nm
- 6.200M (Grenada) 28 nm
- 8.900M (Fiji) 28 nm
Radeon R5 330
Radeon R5 340
Radeon R5 340X
Radeon R7 340
Radeon R7 350
Radeon R7 350X
Radeon R7 370
Radeon R9 360
Radeon R9 370
Radeon R9 370X
Radeon R9 380
Radeon R9 380X
Radeon R9 390X
Radeon R9 Nano
Radeon R9 Fury
Radeon R9 Fury X
Radeon Pro Duo
- Vulkan 1.2[7]
SPIR-V
The Radeon 300 series is a series of graphics processors developed by AMD. All of the GPUs of the series are produced in 28 nm format and use the Graphics Core Next (GCN) micro-architecture.
The series includes the Fiji and Tonga GPU dies based on AMD's GCN 3 or "Volcanic Islands" architecture, which had originally been introduced with the Tonga based (though cut-down) R9 285 slightly earlier. Some of the cards in the series include the Fiji based flagship AMD Radeon R9 Fury X, cut-down Radeon R9 Fury and small form factor Radeon R9 Nano,[9] which are the first GPUs to feature High Bandwidth Memory (HBM) technology, which AMD co-developed in partnership with SK Hynix. HBM is faster and more power efficient than GDDR5 memory, though also more expensive.[10] However, the remaining GPUs in the series outside the Tonga based R9 380 and R9 380X are based on previous generation GPUs with revised power management, and therefore only feature GDDR5 memory (something Tonga does as well). The Radeon 300 series cards including the R9 390X were released on June 18, 2015. The flagship device, the Radeon R9 Fury X, was released on June 24, 2015, with the dual-GPU variant, the Radeon Pro Duo, being released on April 26, 2016.[11]
Micro-architecture and instruction set
The R9 380/X along with the R9 Fury & Nano series were AMD's first cards (after the earlier R9 285) to use the third iteration of their GCN instruction set and micro-architecture. The other cards in the series feature first and second gen iterations of GCN. The table below details which GCN-generation each chip belongs to.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/AMD_Fiji_GPU_package_with_GPU%2C_HBM_memory_and_interposer.jpg/220px-AMD_Fiji_GPU_package_with_GPU%2C_HBM_memory_and_interposer.jpg)
Ancillary ASICs
Any ancillary ASICs present on the chips are being developed independently of the core architecture and have their own version name schemes.
Multi-monitor support
The AMD Eyefinity branded on-die display controllers were introduced in September 2009 in the Radeon HD 5000 series and have been present in all products since.[12]
AMD TrueAudio
AMD TrueAudio was introduced with the AMD Radeon Rx 200 series, but can only be found on the dies of GCN 2nd gen and later products.
Video acceleration
AMD's SIP core for video acceleration, Unified Video Decoder and Video Coding Engine, are found on all GPUs and are supported by AMD Catalyst and by the open-source Radeon graphics driver.
Frame limiter
A new feature to the lineup allows users to reduce power consumption by not rendering unnecessary frames. It is user configurable.
LiquidVR support
LiquidVR is a technology that improves the smoothness of virtual reality. The aim is to reduce latency between hardware so that the hardware can keep up with the user's head movement, eliminating the motion sickness. A particular focus is on dual GPU setups where each GPU now renders for one eye individually of the display.
Virtual super resolution support
Originally introduced with the previous generation R9 285 and R9 290 series graphics cards, this feature allows users to run games with higher image quality by rendering frames at above native resolution. Each frame is then downsampled to native resolution. This process is an alternative to supersampling which is not supported by all games. Virtual super resolution is similar to Dynamic Super Resolution, a feature available on competing Nvidia graphics cards, but trades flexibility for increased performance.[13]
OpenCL (API)
OpenCL accelerates many scientific Software Packages against CPU up to factor 10 or 100 and more. Open CL 1.0 to 1.2 are supported for all chips with Terascale and GCN Architecture. OpenCL 2.0 is supported with GCN 2nd Gen. and higher. [14] For OpenCL 2.1 and 2.2 only Driver Updates are necessary with OpenCL 2.0 conformant Cards.
Vulkan (API)
API Vulkan 1.0 is supported for all GCN architecture cards. Vulkan 1.2 requires GCN 2nd gen or higher with the Adrenalin 20.1 and Linux Mesa 20.0 drivers and newer.
Chipset tables
Desktop models
Model (Codename) | Release Date & Price | Architecture (Fab) | Transistors Die Size | Core | Fillrate[a][b][c] | Processing power[a][d] (GFLOPS) | Memory | TBP (W) | Bus interface | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Config[e] | Clock[a] (MHz) | Texture (GT/s) | Pixel (GP/s) | Single | Double | Size (MiB) | Bus type & width | Clock (MT/s) | Band- width (GB/s) | ||||||
Radeon R5 330 (Oland Pro) | May 2015 OEM | GCN 1st gen (28 nm) | 1040×106 90 mm2 | 320:20:8 | Unknown 855 | 17.1 | 6.84 | 547.2 | 34.2 | 1024 2048 | DDR3 128-bit | 1800 | 28.8 | 30 | PCIe 3.0 x4 x8 ×16 |
Radeon R5 340 (Oland XT) | May 2015 OEM | 384:24:8 | Unknown 825 | 19.8 | 6.6 | 633.6 | 39.6 | 1024 2048 | DDR3 GDDR5 128-bit | 1800 4500 | 28.8 72 | 75 | |||
Radeon R7 340 (Oland XT) | May 2015 OEM | 384:24:8 | 730 780 | 17.5 18.7 | 5.8 6.2 | 560.6 599 | 32.7 35 | 1024 2048 4096 | DDR3 GDDR5 128-bit | 1800 4500 | 28.8 72 | 75 | |||
Radeon R5 340X[15] (Oland XT) | May 2015 OEM | 384:24:8 | 1050 | 25.2 | 8.4 | 806 | 50.4 | 2048 | DDR3 64-bit | 2000 | 16 | 65 | |||
Radeon R7 350 (Oland XT) | May 2015 OEM | 384:24:8 | 1000 1050 | 24 25.2 | 8 8.4 | 768 806.4 | 48 50.4 | 1024 2048 | DDR3 GDDR5 128-bit | 1800 4500 | 28.8 72 | 75 | |||
Radeon R7 350 [16] (Cape Verde XTL) | February 2016 $89 USD | 1500×106 123 mm2 | 512:32:16 | 925 | 29.6 | 14.8 | 947.2 | 59.2 | 2048 | GDDR5 128-bit | 4500 | 72 | 75 | ||
Radeon R7 350X[17] (Oland XT) | May 2015 OEM | 1040×106 90 mm2 | 384:24:8 | 1050 | 25.2 | 8.4 | 806 | 50.4 | 4096 | DDR3 128-bit | 2000 | 32 | 30 | ||
Radeon R7 360[18][19] (Bonaire Pro) | June 2015 $109 USD | GCN 2nd gen (28 nm) | 2080×106 160 mm2 | 768:48:16 | 1050 | 50.4 | 16.8 | 1612.8 | 100.8 | 2048 | GDDR5 128-bit | 6500 | 104 | 100 | |
Radeon R9 360 (Bonaire Pro) | May 2015 OEM | 768:48:16 | 1000 1050 | 48 50.4 | 16 16.8 | 1536 1612.8 | 96 100.8 | 2048 | GDDR5 128-bit | 6500 | 104 | 85 | |||
Radeon R7 370[18] (Pitcairn Pro) | June 2015 $149 USD | GCN 1st gen (28 nm) | 2800×106 212 mm2 | 1024:64:32 | 975 | 62.4 | 31.2 | 1996.8 | 124.8 | 2048 4096 | GDDR5 256-bit | 5600 | 179.2 | 110 | |
Radeon R9 370 (Pitcairn Pro) | May 2015 OEM | 1024:64:32 | 950 975 | 60.8 62.4 | 30.4 31.2 | 1945.6 1996.8 | 121.6 124.8 | 2048 4096 | GDDR5 256-bit | 5600 | 179.2 | 150 | |||
Radeon R9 370X (Pitcairn XT) | August 2015 $179 USD | 1280:80:32 | 1000 | 80 | 32 | 2560 | 160 | 2048 4096 | GDDR5 256-bit | 5600 | 179.2 | 185 | |||
Radeon R9 380 (Tonga Pro) | May 2015 OEM | GCN 3rd gen (28 nm) | 5000×106 359 mm2 | 1792:112:32 | 918 | 102.8 | 29.4 | 3290 | 206.6 | 4096 | GDDR5 256-bit | 5500 | 176 | 190 | |
Radeon R9 380[20] (Tonga Pro) | June 2015 $199 USD | 1792:112:32 | 970 | 108.6 | 31.0 | 3476.5 | 217.3 | 2048 4096 | GDDR5 256-bit | 5700 | 182.4[f] | 190 | |||
Radeon R9 380X[20] (Tonga XT) | November 2015 $229 USD | 2048:128:32 | 970 | 124.2 | 31.0 | 3973.1 | 248.3 | 4096 | GDDR5 256-bit | 5700 | 182.4 | 190 | |||
Radeon R9 390[20] (Grenada Pro) | June 2015 $329 USD | GCN 2nd gen (28 nm) | 6200×106 438 mm2 | 2560:160:64 | 1000 | 160 | 64 | 5120 | 640 | 8192 | GDDR5 512-bit | 6000 | 384 | 275 | |
Radeon R9 390X[20] (Grenada XT) | June 2015 $429 USD | 2816:176:64 | 1050 | 184.8 | 67.2 | 5913.6 | 739.2 | 8192 | GDDR5 512-bit | 6000 | 384 | 275 | |||
Radeon R9 Fury[21] (Fiji Pro) | July 2015 $549 USD | GCN 3rd gen (28 nm) | 8900×106 596 mm2 | 3584:224:64 | 1000 | 224 | 64 | 7168 | 448 | 4096 | HBM 4096-bit | 1000 | 512 | 275 | |
Radeon R9 Nano[22] (Fiji XT) | August 2015 $649 USD | 4096:256:64 | 1000 | 256 | 64 | 8192 | 512 | 175 | |||||||
Radeon R9 Fury X[20][23] (Fiji XT) | June 2015 $649 USD | 4096:256:64 | 1050 | 268.8 | 67.2 | 8601.6 | 537.6 | 275 | |||||||
Radeon Pro Duo[24][25][26][27] (Fiji XT) | April 2016 $1499 USD | 2× 8900×106 2× 596 mm2 | 2× 4096:256:64 | 1000 | 512 | 128 | 16384 | 1024 | 2× 4096 | HBM 4096-bit | 1000 | 2× 512 | 350 | ||
Model (Codename) | Release Date & Price | Architecture (Fab) | Transistors Die Size | Config[e] | Clock[a] (MHz) | Texture (GT/s) | Pixel (GP/s) | Single | Double | Size (MiB) | Bus type & width | Clock (MT/s) | Band- width (GB/s) | TBP (W) | Bus interface |
Core | Fillrate[a][b][c] | Processing power[a][d] (GFLOPS) | Memory |
- v
- t
- e
- ^ a b c d e f Boost values (if available) are stated below the base value in italic.
- ^ a b Texture fillrate is calculated as the number of Texture Mapping Units multiplied by the base (or boost) core clock speed.
- ^ a b Pixel fillrate is calculated as the number of Render Output Units multiplied by the base (or boost) core clock speed.
- ^ a b Precision performance is calculated from the base (or boost) core clock speed based on a FMA operation. Double precision performance of Hawaii cards is 1/8 of single precision performance, for the other it is 1/16 of single precision performance.
- ^ a b Unified Shaders : Texture Mapping Units : Render Output Units
- ^ The R9 380 utilizes loss-less color compression which can increase effective memory performance (relative to GCN 1st gen and 2nd gen cards) in certain situations.[citation needed]
Mobile models
Model (Codename) | Launch | Architecture (Fab) | Core | Fillrate[a][b][c] | Processing power[a][d] (GFLOPS) | Memory | TDP | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Config[e] | Clock[a] (MHz) | Texture (GT/s) | Pixel (GP/s) | Size (GiB) | Bus type & width | Clock (MT/s) | Band- width (GB/s) | |||||
Radeon R5 M330[28] (Exo Pro) | 2015 | GCN 1st gen (28 nm) | 320:20:8 | Unknown 1030 | 8.2 | 20.6 | 659.2 | 2 4 | DDR3 64-bit | 1800 2000 | 14.4 16 | 18 W |
Radeon R5 M335[28] (Exo Pro) | 2015 | 320:20:8 | Unknown 1070 | 8.6 | 21.4 | 684.8 | 2 4 | DDR3 64-bit | 2200 | 17.6 | Unknown | |
Radeon R7 M360[29] (Meso XT) | 2015 | 384:24:8 | Unknown 1125 | 9 | 27 | 864 | 2 4 | DDR3 64-bit | 2000 | 16 | Unknown | |
Radeon R9 M365X[30] (Strato Pro) | 2015 | 640:40:16 | Unknown 925 | 14.8 | 37 | 1184 | 4 | GDDR5 128-bit | 4500 | 72 | 50 W | |
Radeon R9 M370X[30] (Strato Pro) | May 2015 | 640:40:16 | 800 | 12.8 | 32 | 1024 | 2 | GDDR5 128-bit | 4500 | 72 | 40–45 W | |
Radeon R9 M375[30] (Strato Pro) | 2015 | 640:40:16 | Unknown 1015 | 16.2 | 40.6 | 1299.2 | 4 | GDDR5 128-bit | 4400 | 35.2 | Unknown | |
Radeon R9 M375X[30] (Strato Pro) | 2015 | 640:40:16 | Unknown 1015 | 16.2 | 40.6 | 1299.2 | 4 | GDDR5 128-bit | 4500 | 72 | Unknown | |
Radeon R9 M380[30] (Strato Pro) | 2015 | 640:40:16 | Unknown 900 | 14.4 | 36 | 1152 | 4 | GDDR5 128-bit | 6000 | 96 | Unknown | |
Radeon R9 M385X[30] (Strato) | 2015 | GCN 2nd gen (28 nm) | 896:56:16 | Unknown 1100 | 17.6 | 61.6 | 1971.2 | 4 | GDDR5 128-bit | 6000 | 96 | ~75 W |
Radeon R9 M390[30] (Pitcairn) | June 2015 | GCN 1st gen (28 nm) | 1024:64:32 | Unknown 958 | 30.7 | 61.3 | 1962 | 2 | GDDR5 256-bit | 5460 | 174.7 | ~100 W |
Radeon R9 M390X[30] (Amethyst XT) | 2015 | GCN 3rd gen (28 nm) | 2048:128:32 | Unknown 723 | 23.1 | 92.5 | 2961.4 | 4 | GDDR5 256-bit | 5000 | 160 | 125 W |
Radeon R9 M395[30] (Amethyst Pro) | 2015 | 1792:112:32 | Unknown 834 | 26.6 | 93.4 | 2989.0 | 2 | GDDR5 256-bit | 5460 | 174.7 | 125 W | |
Radeon R9 M395X[30] Amethyst XT) | 2015 | 2048:128:32 | Unknown 909 | 29.1 | 116.3 | 3723.3 | 4 | GDDR5 256-bit | 5460 | 174.7 | 125 W |
- v
- t
- e
- ^ a b c Boost values (if available) are stated below the base value in italic.
- ^ Texture fillrate is calculated as the number of Texture Mapping Units multiplied by the base (or boost) core clock speed.
- ^ Pixel fillrate is calculated as the number of Render Output Units multiplied by the base (or boost) core clock speed.
- ^ Precision performance is calculated from the base (or boost) core clock speed based on a FMA operation.
- ^ Unified Shaders : Texture Mapping Units : Render Output Units
Radeon Feature Matrix
The following table shows features of AMD/ATI's GPUs (see also: List of AMD graphics processing units).
- view
- talk
- edit
Name of GPU series | Wonder | Mach | 3D Rage | Rage Pro | Rage 128 | R100 | R200 | R300 | R400 | R500 | R600 | RV670 | R700 | Evergreen | Northern Islands | Southern Islands | Sea Islands | Volcanic Islands | Arctic Islands/Polaris | Vega | Navi 1x | Navi 2x | Navi 3x | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Released | 1986 | 1991 | Apr 1996 | Mar 1997 | Aug 1998 | Apr 2000 | Aug 2001 | Sep 2002 | May 2004 | Oct 2005 | May 2007 | Nov 2007 | Jun 2008 | Sep 2009 | Oct 2010 | Jan 2012 | Sep 2013 | Jun 2015 | Jun 2016, Apr 2017, Aug 2019 | Jun 2017, Feb 2019 | Jul 2019 | Nov 2020 | Dec 2022 | |||
Marketing Name | Wonder | Mach | 3D Rage | Rage Pro | Rage 128 | Radeon 7000 | Radeon 8000 | Radeon 9000 | Radeon X700/X800 | Radeon X1000 | Radeon HD 2000 | Radeon HD 3000 | Radeon HD 4000 | Radeon HD 5000 | Radeon HD 6000 | Radeon HD 7000 | Radeon 200 | Radeon 300 | Radeon 400/500/600 | Radeon RX Vega, Radeon VII | Radeon RX 5000 | Radeon RX 6000 | Radeon RX 7000 | |||
AMD support | ![]() | ![]() | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Kind | 2D | 3D | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Instruction set architecture | Not publicly known | TeraScale instruction set | GCN instruction set | RDNA instruction set | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Microarchitecture | TeraScale 1 (VLIW) | TeraScale 2 (VLIW5) |
| GCN 1st gen | GCN 2nd gen | GCN 3rd gen | GCN 4th gen | GCN 5th gen | RDNA | RDNA 2 | RDNA 3 | |||||||||||||||
Type | Fixed pipeline[a] | Programmable pixel & vertex pipelines | Unified shader model | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Direct3D | — | 5.0 | 6.0 | 7.0 | 8.1 | 9.0 11 (9_2) | 9.0b 11 (9_2) | 9.0c 11 (9_3) | 10.0 11 (10_0) | 10.1 11 (10_1) | 11 (11_0) | 11 (11_1) 12 (11_1) | 11 (12_0) 12 (12_0) | 11 (12_1) 12 (12_1) | 11 (12_1) 12 (12_2) | |||||||||||
Shader model | — | 1.4 | 2.0+ | 2.0b | 3.0 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 5.0 | 5.1 | 5.1 6.5 | 6.7 | |||||||||||||||
OpenGL | — | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 2.1[b][33] | 3.3 | 4.5[34][35][36][c] | 4.6 | ||||||||||||||||||
Vulkan | — | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
OpenCL | — | Close to Metal | 1.1 (not supported by Mesa) | 1.2+ (on Linux: 1.1+ (no Image support on clover, with by rustiCL) with Mesa, 1.2+ on GCN 1.Gen) | 2.0+ (Adrenalin driver on Win7+) (on Linux ROCM, Mesa 1.2+ (no Image support in clover, but in rustiCL with Mesa, 2.0+ and 3.0 with AMD drivers or AMD ROCm), 5th gen: 2.2 win 10+ and Linux RocM 5.0+ | 2.2+ and 3.0 windows 8.1+ and Linux ROCM 5.0+ (Mesa rustiCL 1.2+ and 3.0 (2.1+ and 2.2+ wip))[37][38][39] | ||||||||||||||||||||
HSA / ROCm | — | ![]() | ? | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Video decoding ASIC | — | Avivo/UVD | UVD+ | UVD 2 | UVD 2.2 | UVD 3 | UVD 4 | UVD 4.2 | UVD 5.0 or 6.0 | UVD 6.3 | UVD 7 [40][d] | VCN 2.0 [40][d] | VCN 3.0 [41] | VCN 4.0 | ||||||||||||
Video encoding ASIC | — | VCE 1.0 | VCE 2.0 | VCE 3.0 or 3.1 | VCE 3.4 | VCE 4.0 [40][d] | ||||||||||||||||||||
Fluid Motion [e] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ? | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Power saving | ? | PowerPlay | PowerTune | PowerTune & ZeroCore Power | ? | |||||||||||||||||||||
TrueAudio | — | Via dedicated DSP | Via shaders | |||||||||||||||||||||||
FreeSync | — | 1 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
HDCP[f] | ? | 1.4 | 2.2 | 2.3 [42] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
PlayReady[f] | — | 3.0 | ![]() | 3.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Supported displays[g] | 1–2 | 2 | 2–6 | ? | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Max. resolution | ? | 2–6 × 2560×1600 | 2–6 × 4096×2160 @ 30 Hz | 2–6 × 5120×2880 @ 60 Hz | 3 × 7680×4320 @ 60 Hz [43] | 7680×4320 @ 60 Hz PowerColor | 7680x4320 @165 HZ | |||||||||||||||||||
/drm/radeon [h] | ![]() | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
/drm/amdgpu [h] | — | Experimental [44] | Optional [45] | ![]() |
- ^ The Radeon 100 Series has programmable pixel shaders, but do not fully comply with DirectX 8 or Pixel Shader 1.0. See article on R100's pixel shaders.
- ^ R300, R400 and R500 based cards do not fully comply with OpenGL 2+ as the hardware does not support all types of non-power of two (NPOT) textures.
- ^ OpenGL 4+ compliance requires supporting FP64 shaders and these are emulated on some TeraScale chips using 32-bit hardware.
- ^ a b c The UVD and VCE were replaced by the Video Core Next (VCN) ASIC in the Raven Ridge APU implementation of Vega.
- ^ Video processing for video frame rate interpolation technique. In Windows it works as a DirectShow filter in your player. In Linux, there is no support on the part of drivers and / or community.
- ^ a b To play protected video content, it also requires card, operating system, driver, and application support. A compatible HDCP display is also needed for this. HDCP is mandatory for the output of certain audio formats, placing additional constraints on the multimedia setup.
- ^ More displays may be supported with native DisplayPort connections, or splitting the maximum resolution between multiple monitors with active converters.
- ^ a b DRM (Direct Rendering Manager) is a component of the Linux kernel. AMDgpu is the Linux kernel module. Support in this table refers to the most current version.
Graphics device drivers
Proprietary graphics device driver Catalyst
AMD Catalyst is being developed for Microsoft Windows and Linux. As of July 2014, other operating systems are not officially supported. This may be different for the AMD FirePro brand, which is based on identical hardware but features OpenGL-certified graphics device drivers.
AMD Catalyst supports all features advertised for the Radeon brand.
Free and open-source graphics device driver radeon
The free and open-source drivers are primarily developed on and for Linux, but have been ported to other operating systems as well. Each driver is composed out of five parts:
- Linux kernel component DRM
- Linux kernel component KMS driver: basically the device driver for the display controller
- user-space component libDRM
- user-space component in Mesa 3D
- a special and distinct 2D graphics device driver for X.Org Server, which is finally about to be replaced by Glamor
The free and open-source radeon
kernel driver supports most of the features implemented into the Radeon line of GPUs.[5]
The radeon
kernel driver is not reverse engineered, but based on documentation released by AMD.[46] This driver still requires proprietary microcode to operate DRM functions and some GPUs may fail to launch the X server if not available.
Free and open-source graphics device driver amdgpu
This new kernel driver is directly supported and developed by AMD. It is available on various Linux distributions, and has been ported to some other operating systems as well. Only GCN GPUs are supported.[5]
Proprietary graphics device driver AMDGPU-PRO
This new driver by AMD was still undergoing development in 2018, but could be used on a few supported Linux distributions already (AMD officially supports Ubuntu, RHEL/CentOS).[47] The driver has been experimentally ported to ArchLinux[48] and other distributions. AMDGPU-PRO is set to replace the previous AMD Catalyst driver and is based on the free and open source amdgpu
kernel driver. Pre-GCN GPUs are not supported.
See also
References
- ^ "AMD officially introduces Radeon 300 "Caribbean Islands" series - VideoCardz.com". videocardz.com. 18 June 2015.
- ^ "AMD Radeon Software Crimson Edition 16.3 Release Notes". AMD. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
- ^ "AMDGPU-PRO Driver for Linux Release Notes". 2016. Archived from the original on 11 December 2016. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
- ^ "Mesamatrix". mesamatrix.net. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
- ^ a b c "RadeonFeature". X.Org Foundation. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
- ^ "AMD Adrenalin 18.4.1 Graphics Driver Released (OpenGL 4.6, Vulkan 1.1.70) | Geeks3D". May 2018.
- ^ "AMD Open Source Driver for Vulkan". GPUOpen. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
- ^ "AMD Catalyst Software Suite for AMD Radeon 300 Series Graphics Products". AMD. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
- ^ "AMD R9 390X and AMD Fury". tectomorrow.com. Archived from the original on 18 June 2015. Retrieved 2 June 2015.
- ^ Moammer, Khalid (30 September 2014). "HBM 3D Stacked Memory is up to 9X Faster Than GDDR5 – Coming With AMD Pirate Islands R9 300 Series". WCCF Tech. Retrieved 31 January 2015.
- ^ "AMD's Upcoming Fiji Based Radeon Flagship Is "Fury", R9 390X Is Based On Enhanced Hawaii". WCCFtech. 29 May 2015.
- ^ "AMD Eyefinity: FAQ". AMD. 17 May 2011. Retrieved 2 July 2014.
- ^ Smith, Ryan. "The AMD Radeon R9 Fury X Review". Anandtech. Purch. p. 8. Retrieved 19 August 2015.
- ^ "The Khronos Group". 19 June 2022.
- ^ videocardz. "AMD Radeon R5 340X Specifications". Videocardz. Retrieved 10 April 2019.
- ^ Mujtaba, Hassan (1 March 2016). "AMD Silently Launches Radeon R7 350 2 GB Graphics Card With Cape Verde XTL Core - Launch Exclusive To APAC Markets".
- ^ videocardz. "AMD Radeon R7 350X Specifications". Videocardz. Retrieved 10 April 2019.
- ^ a b "Radeon R7 Series Graphics Cards | AMD". www.amd.com. Retrieved 19 April 2017.
- ^ btarunr (18 June 2015). "AMD Announces the Radeon R7 300 Series". TechPowerUp. Retrieved 23 January 2016.
- ^ a b c d e "Radeon R9 Series Graphics Cards | AMD". www.amd.com. Retrieved 19 April 2017.
- ^ Mujtaba, Hassan (10 July 2015). "AMD Radeon R9 Fury with Fiji Pro GPU Officially Launched – 4K Ready Performance, Beats the 980 but for $50 More at $549 US". WCCFtech.com. Retrieved 23 January 2016.
- ^ Mujtaba, Hassan (17 June 2015). "AMD Radeon R9 Fury X, R9 Nano and Fury Unveiled – Fiji GPU Based, HBM Powered, $649 US Priced Small Form Factor Powerhouse". WCCFtech.com. Retrieved 16 June 2015.
- ^ Moammer, Khalid (17 June 2015). "AMD Unveils $650 R9 Fury X and $550 R9 Fury – Powered By Fiji, World's First HBM GPU". WCCFtech.com. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
- ^ Garreffa, Anthony (12 March 2016). "AMD's Upcoming Dual-GPU Called Radeon Pro Duo, Not the R9 Fury X2". TweakTown. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
- ^ Mah Ung, Gordon (14 March 2016). "AMD's $1,500 Dual-GPU Radeon Pro Duo Graphics Card is Built for Virtual Reality". PC World. IDG. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
- ^ Moammer, Khalid (17 June 2015). "AMD Unveils World's Fastest Graphics Card – Dual Fiji Fury Board". WCCFtech.com. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
- ^ Williams, Daniel (26 April 2016). "AMD Releases Radeon Pro Duo: Dual Fiji, 350W, $1500". Anandtech. Purch Group. Retrieved 26 April 2016.
- ^ a b "Radeon R5 Series Graphics Cards for Notebook PC". AMD. Retrieved 15 February 2017.
- ^ "Radeon R7 Series Graphics Cards". AMD. Retrieved 15 February 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Radeon R9 Series Laptop Graphics Cards". AMD. Retrieved 15 February 2017.
- ^ "AMD Radeon HD 6900 (AMD Cayman) series graphics cards". HWlab. hw-lab.com. 19 December 2010. Archived from the original on 23 August 2022. Retrieved 23 August 2022.
New VLIW4 architecture of stream processors allowed to save area of each SIMD by 10%, while performing the same compared to previous VLIW5 architecture
- ^ "GPU Specs Database". TechPowerUp. Retrieved 23 August 2022.
- ^ "NPOT Texture (OpenGL Wiki)". Khronos Group. Retrieved 10 February 2021.
- ^ "AMD Radeon Software Crimson Edition Beta". AMD. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
- ^ "Mesamatrix". mesamatrix.net. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
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