Sar Shalom ben Abraham
Sar Shalom ben Abraham (Hebrew: שר שלום בן אברהם) was the head of the remnant of the Palestinian Gaonate in Damascus around the end of the 12th century.
Details
Sar Shalom was the son of Abraham ben Mazhir, the Gaon in Damascus. Sar Shalom first appears in a poem of Isaac Ibn Ezra (he) from 1142 dedicated to Sar Shalom's father that mentions his four children, including Sar Shalom.[1][2] When Benjamin of Tudela visited Damascus in around 1168 he found Sar Shalom as Av Beit Din and his brother Ezra as Gaon.[3]
A letter from the Iraqi Gaon Samuel ben Ali from 1191 mentions Sar Shalom as Av Beit Din.[4] Scholars debate how to interpret the letter. Assaf, the original publisher, and Fleischer both understood the letter as indicating that Sar Shalom was dead.[5][6] Mann disagreed and read the letter as saying Sar Shalom was alive as Av Beit Din under a nephew of his, a son of his brother Ezra.[7]
Sar Shalom is explicitly mentioned as Gaon in a copy of a commentary of the Karaite scholar Yefet ben Eli. A note on the manuscript states that the commentary was copied for the library of Sar Shalom.[8] It is noteworthy that the Rabbinate Sar Shalom was interested in a copy of a commentary written by a Karaite.
Sar Shalom should not be confused with his contemporary in Fustat, the Gaon Sar Shalom ben Moses.
Succession
The question of who succeeded Sar Shalom as Gaon is dependent on the scholarly debate quoted above. According to Assaf and Fleischer the Damascene Yeshiva in 1191 was headed by Sar Shalom's brother Mazhir, who for whatever reason did not assume the title Gaon and remained as "The Third" (the level below Av Beit Din in the Palestinian Yeshiva).[9] According to Mann's approach, the above letter does not give any direct information about who reigned after Sar Shalom. Instead, the only available evidence is from Judah al-Harizi that a man named Sadoq was dismissed from the post of Gaon and later regained his position after 1215.[10]
References
- ^ Schmelzer 1979, pp. 3–9.
- ^ The poem is available here, his name is mentioned on line six
- ^ Benjamin of Tudela 1907, p. 30.
- ^ Assaf 1930, p. 68.
- ^ Assaf 1930, pp. 14–15.
- ^ Fleischer 2002, p. 110, fn. 88.
- ^ Mann 1935, p. 252, fn. 14.
- ^ Ktiv 2023, FGP Catalogue record; notes.
- ^ Fleischer 2006, p. 104.
- ^ Fleischer 2002, pp. 105–108.
Bibliography
- Assaf, Simcha (1930). קובץ של אגרות ר' שמואל בן עלי ובני דורו [Letters of R. Samuel ben Eli and his Contemporaries] (in Hebrew). Jerusalem.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Benjamin of Tudela (1907). The Itinerary of Benjamin of Tudela. Translated by Adler, Marcus Nathan. London: Oxford University Press.
- Fleischer, Ezra (2006). "Hebrew Secular Poetry from Late Twelfth-Century Syria". Kobez al Yad (in Hebrew). 19 (XXIX): 83–135.
- Fleischer, Ezra (2002). "New Poems by Judah al-Harizi". Kobez al Yad (in Hebrew). 16 (XXVI): 85–139. Retrieved 1 June 2023.
- Mann, Jacob (1935). Texts and Studies in Jewish History and Literature. Vol. 1. Hebrew Press of the Jewish Publication Society of America.
- Schmelzer, Menahem H. (1979). Poems of Isaac Ben Abraham Ibn Ezra (in Hebrew). New York: Jewish Theological Seminary.
- "Targum u'Peirush Yefet ben Eli al haTorah". Ktiv (in Hebrew). National Library of Israel. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
Jewish titles | ||
---|---|---|
Preceded by Ezra ben Abraham | Palestinian Gaon in Damascus Sar Shalom ben Abraham c. 1200 | Succeeded by possibly Sadoq |
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- Hanan of Iskiya
- Mari ben R. Dimi
- Rav Hana (Huna)
- Rav Rabbah (Rava, Ravah)
- Rav Bosai (Bostanai)
- Huna Mari ben Mar Joseph
- Hiyya of Meshan
- Rav Rabya (Moronai)
- Natronai ben Nehemiah
- Judah Gaon
- Joseph Gaon
- Samuel ben Mar Mari
- Natroi Kahana b. Emuna
- Abraham Kahana
- Dodai ben Nahman (Rav Dorai)
- Hananya ben Mesharsheya
- Malka ben Aha
- Rabba ben Dodai
- Rav Shinwai
- Haninai Kahana ben Abraham
- Haninai Kahana ben Abraham
- Huna ben ha-Levi ben Isaac
- Manasseh ben Joseph
- Isaiah ha-Levi ben Abba
- Joseph ben Shila
- Kahana ben Haninai Gaon
- Abumai Kahana ben Abraham
- Joseph ben Abba
- Abraham ben Sherira
- Joseph ben Mar Hiyya
- Isaac ben Hananiah
- Joseph ben Abba
- Paltoi ben Abaye
- Aha Kahana ben Mar Rav
- Menahem ben Joseph ben Hiyya
- Mattithiah ha-Kohen b. Ravrevay b. Hanina
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- Mebasser Kahana ben Kimoi
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- Zemah ben Kafnai
- Hananiah ben Yehudai
- Aaron ibn Sargado
- Nehemiah ben Kohen Tzedek
- Sherira Gaon
- Hai Gaon
- Hezekiah Gaon
- Mar ben Huna
- Hanina (Hinenai)
- Rav Hunai (Huna)
- Rav Sheshna (Mesharsheya b. Tahlifa)
- Hanina of Nehar Pekkod (Hinenai)
- Hillai of Naresh
- Jacob of Nehar Pekod
- Rav Samuel
- Mari ha-Kohen of Nehar Pekod
- Achai Gaon
- Yehudai Gaon
- Ahhunai Kahana ben Papa
- Haninai Kahana ben Huna
- Mari ha-Levi ben Mesharsheya
- Bebai ha-Levi ben Abba of Nehar Pekod
- Hilai ben Mari
- Jacob ha-Kohen ben Mordecai
- Rav Abimai
- Zadok ben Ashi (Issac ben Jesse)
- Hilai ben Hananiah
- Kimoi ben Ashi
- Mesharsheya Kahana ben Jacob
- Kohen Tzedek ben Abimai
- Sar Shalom ben Boaz
- Natronai ben Hilai
- Amram Gaon
- Nahshon ben Zadok
- Zemah ben Hayyim
- Rav Malka
- Hai ben Nahshon
- Hilai ben Natronai ben Hilai
- Shalom ben Mishael
- Jacob ben Natronai
- Yom-Tob Kahana ben Jacob
- Saadia ben Joseph (Saadia Gaon)
- Joseph ben Jacob
- Zemah Tzedek ben Paltoi ben Issac
- Samuel ben Hofni
- Dosa ben Saadia
- Israel ha-Kohen ben Samuel ben Hofni
- Azariah ha-Kohen ben Israel
- Isaac ben Moses ben Sukkari
- Eli ha-Levi
- Solomon (Gaon)
- Samuel ben Ali
- Zechariah ben Berakhel
- Eleazer ben Hillel ben Fahd
- Daniel ben Eleazer ben Hibat Allah
- Hibat Allah ben Abil Rabi
- Isaac ben al-Awani ha-Cohen
- Isaac ben Israel Ibn al-Shuwaykh
- Ali ben Zechariah
- Samuel ben Daniel ha-Cohen
- Pinhas ben Jacob ha-Cohen
- Jehoshaphat ben Josiah
- Semah ben Josiah
- Aaron ben Moses ben Meir
- Isaac (Gaon)
- Aaron ben Meir
- Abraham ben Aaron
- Aaron ha-Cohen (Gaon)
- Joseph ben Ezrun ha-Cohen
- Ezrun
- Samuel ben Joseph ha-Cohen
- Jose ben Samuel ha-Cohen
- Shemaya Gaon
- Josiah ben Aaron
- Solomon ben Joseph ha-Cohen
- Solomon ben Judah (Gaon)
- Daniel ben Azariah
- Elijah ben Solomon ha-Cohen
- Abiathar ben Elijah ha-Cohen
- Solomon ben Elijah ha-Cohen
- Masliah ben Solomon ha-Cohen
- Moses ben Netanel ha-Levi
- Abraham ben Mazhir
- Netanel ben Moses ha-Levi
- Sar Shalom ben Moses ha-Levi
- Ezra ben Abraham
- Sar Shalom ben Abraham
- Sadoq
- Mar Isaac of Firuz Shabur
- Achai Gaon
- Simeon Kayyara