Sex hormone receptor

Group of protein families

The sex hormone receptors, or sex steroid receptors, are a group of steroid hormone receptors that interact with the sex hormones, the androgens, estrogens, and progestogens, as well as with sex-hormonal agents such as anabolic steroids, progestins, and antiestrogens. They include the:

Androgen receptor (AR) (A, B) - binds and is activated by androgens such as testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
Estrogen receptor (ER) (α, β) - binds and is activated by estrogens such as estradiol, estrone, and estriol
Progesterone receptor (PR) (A, B) - binds and is activated by progestogens such as progesterone

In addition, sex steroids have been found to bind and activate membrane steroid receptors, such as estradiol and GPER.

References

Transcription factors and intracellular receptors

(1) Basic domains

(1.1) Basic leucine zipper (bZIP)

Activating transcription factor
- AATF
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
AP-1
- c-Fos
- FOSB
- FOSL1
- FOSL2
- JDP2
- c-Jun
- JUNB
- JunD
BACH
- 1
- 2
BATF
BLZF1
C/EBP
- α
- β
- γ
- δ
- ε
- ζ
CREB
- 1
- 3
- L1
CREM
DBP
DDIT3
GABPA
GCN4
HLF
MAF
- B
- F
- G
- K
NFE
- 2
- L1
- L2
- L3
NFIL3
NRL
NRF
- 1
- 2
- 3
XBP1

(1.2) Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)

Group A	AS-C ASCL1 ASCL2 ATOH1 HAND 1 2 MESP2 Myogenic regulatory factors MyoD Myogenin MYF5 MYF6 NeuroD 1 2 Neurogenins 1 2 3 OLIG 1 2 Paraxis TCF15 Scleraxis SLC LYL1 TAL 1 2 Twist
Group B	FIGLA Myc c-Myc l-Myc n-Myc MXD4 TCF4
Group C bHLH-PAS	AhR AHRR ARNT ARNTL ARNTL2 CLOCK HIF 1A EPAS1 3A NPAS 1 2 3 PER 1 2 3 Period SIM 1 2
Group D	BHLH 2 3 9 Pho4 ID 1 2 3 4
Group E	HES 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 HEY 1 2 L
Group F bHLH-COE	EBF1

(1.3) bHLH-ZIP

AP-4
MAX
- MXD1
- MXD3
MITF
MNT
MLX
MLXIPL
MXI1
Myc
SREBP
- 1
- 2
USF1

(1.4) NF-1

NFI
- A
- B
- C
- X
SMAD
- R-SMAD
  - 1
  - 2
  - 3
  - 5
  - 9
- I-SMAD
  - 6
  - 7
- 4)

(1.5) RF-X

RFX
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- ANK

(1.6) Basic helix-span-helix (bHSH)

AP-2
- α
- β
- γ
- δ
- ε

(2) Zinc finger DNA-binding domains

(2.1) Nuclear receptor (Cys₄)

subfamily 1	Thyroid hormone α β CAR FXR LXR α β PPAR α β/δ γ PXR RAR α β γ ROR α β γ Rev-ErbA α β VDR
subfamily 2	COUP-TF (I II Ear-2 HNF4 α γ PNR RXR α β γ Testicular receptor 2 4 TLX
subfamily 3	Steroid hormone Androgen Estrogen α β Glucocorticoid Mineralocorticoid Progesterone Estrogen related α β γ
subfamily 4	NUR NGFIB NOR1 NURR1
subfamily 5	LRH-1 SF1
subfamily 6	GCNF
subfamily 0	DAX1 SHP

(2.2) Other Cys₄

GATA
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
MTA
- 1
- 2
- 3
TRPS1

(2.3) Cys₂His₂

General transcription factors
- TFIIA
- TFIIB
- TFIID
- TFIIE
  - 1
  - 2
- TFIIF
- 1
- 2
  - TFIIH
  - 1
  - 2
  - 4
  - 2I
  - 3A
  - 3C1
  - 3C2

ATBF1
BCL
- 6
- 11A
- 11B
CTCF
E4F1
EGR
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
ERV3
GFI1
GLI family
- 1
- 2
- 3
- REST
- S1
- S2
- YY1
HIC
- 1
- 2
HIVEP
- 1
- 2
- 3
IKZF
- 1
- 2
- 3
ILF
- 2
- 3
Sp/KLF family
- KLF
  - 1
  - 2
  - 3
  - 4
  - 5
  - 6
  - 7
  - 8
  - 9
  - 10
  - 11
  - 12
  - 13
  - 14
  - 15
  - 17
- SP
  - 1
  - 2
  - 4
  - 7
  - 8
MTF1
MYT1
OSR1
PRDM9
SALL
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
TSHZ3
WT1
Zbtb7
- 7A
- 7B
ZBTB
- 11
- 16
- 17
- 20
- 21
- 32
- 33
- 40
zinc finger
- 3
- 7
- 9
- 10
- 19
- 22
- 24
- 33B
- 34
- 35
- 41
- 43
- 44
- 51
- 74
- 143
- 146
- 148
- 165
- 202
- 217
- 219
- 238
- 239
- 259
- 267
- 268
- 281
- 300
- 318
- 330
- 346
- 350
- 365
- 366
- 384
- 423
- 451
- 452
- 471
- 593
- 638
- 644
- 649
- 655
- 804A

(2.4) Cys₆

HIVEP1

(2.5) Alternating composition

AIRE
DIDO1
GRLF1
ING
- 1
- 2
- 4
JARID
- 1A
- 1B
- 1C
- 1D
- 2
JMJD1B

(2.6) WRKY

WRKY

(3) Helix-turn-helix domains

(3.1) Homeodomain

Antennapedia
ANTP class

protoHOX Hox-like	ParaHox Gsx 1 2 Xlox PDX1 Cdx 1 2 4 extended Hox: Evx1 Evx2 MEOX1 MEOX2 Homeobox A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A7 A9 A10 A11 A13 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B13 C4 C5 C6 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 D1 D3 D4 D8 D9 D10 D11 D12 D13 GBX1 GBX2 MNX1
metaHOX NK-like	BARHL1 BARHL2 BARX1 BARX2 BSX DBX 1 2 DLX 1 2 3 4 5 6 EMX 1 2 EN 1 2 HHEX HLX LBX1 LBX2 MSX 1 2 NANOG NKX 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-5 3-1 3-2 HMX1 HMX2 HMX3 6-1 6-2 NATO TLX1 TLX2 TLX3 VAX1 VAX2

other

ARX
CRX
CUTL1
FHL
- 1
- 2
- 3
HESX1
HOPX
LMX
- 1A
- 1B
NOBOX
TALE
- IRX
  - 1
  - 2
  - 3
  - 4
  - 5
  - 6
  - MKX
- MEIS
  - 1
  - 2
- PBX
  - 1
  - 2
  - 3
- PKNOX
  - 1
  - 2
- SIX
  - 1
  - 2
  - 3
  - 4
  - 5
PHF
- 1
- 3
- 6
- 8
- 10
- 16
- 17
- 20
- 21A
POU domain
- PIT-1
- BRN-3: A
- B
- C
- Octamer transcription factor: 1
- 2
- 3/4
- 6
- 7
- 11
SATB2
ZEB
- 1
- 2

(3.2) Paired box

PAX
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
PRRX
- 1
- 2
PROP1
PHOX
- 2A
- 2B
RAX
SHOX
SHOX2
VSX1
VSX2
Bicoid
- GSC
- BICD2
- OTX
  - 1
  - 2
- PITX
  - 1
  - 2
  - 3

(3.3) Fork head / winged helix

E2F
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
FOX proteins
- A1
- A2
- A3
- B1
- B2
- C1
- C2
- D1
- D2
- D3
- D4
- D4L1
- D4L3
- D4L4
- D4L5
- D4L6
- E1
- E3
- F1
- F2
- G1
- H1
- I1
- I2
- I3
- J1
- J2
- J3
- K1
- K2
- L1
- L2
- M1
- N1
- N2
- N3
- N4
- O1
- O3
- O4
- O6
- P1
- P2
- P3
- P4
- Q1
- R1
- R2
- S1

(3.4) Heat shock factors

HSF
- 1
- 2
- 4

(3.5) Tryptophan clusters

ELF
- 2
- 4
- 5
EGF
ELK
- 1
- 3
- 4
ERF
ETS
- 1
- 2
- ERG
- SPIB
ETV
- 1
- 4
- 5
- 6
FLI1
Interferon regulatory factors
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
MYB
MYBL2

(3.6) TEA domain

transcriptional enhancer factor
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4

(4) β-Scaffold factors with minor groove contacts

(4.1) Rel homology region	NF-κB NFKB1 NFKB2 REL RELA RELB NFAT C1 C2 C3 C4 5
(4.2) STAT	STAT 1 2 3 4 5 6
(4.3) p53-like	p53 p63 p73 family p53 TP63 p73 TBX 1 2 3 5 19 21 22 TBR1 TBR2 TFT MYRF
(4.4) MADS box	Mef2 A B C D SRF
(4.6) TATA-binding proteins	TBP TBPL1
(4.7) High-mobility group	BBX HMGB 1 2 3 4 HMGN 1 2 3 4 HNF 1A 1B SOX 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 18 21 SRY SSRP1 TCF/LEF TCF 1 3 4 LEF1 TOX 1 2 3 4
(4.9) Grainyhead	TFCP2
(4.10) Cold-shock domain	CSDA YBX1
(4.11) Runt	CBF CBFA2T2 CBFA2T3 RUNX1 RUNX2 RUNX3 RUNX1T1

(0) Other transcription factors

(0.2) HMGI(Y)	HMGA 1 2 HBP1
(0.3) Pocket domain	Rb RBL1 RBL2
(0.5) AP-2/EREBP-related factors	Apetala 2 EREBP B3
(0.6) Miscellaneous	ARID 1A 1B 2 3A 3B 4A CAP IFI 16 35 MLL 2 3 T1 MNDA NFY A B C Rho/Sigma

see also transcription factor/coregulator deficiencies

Cell surface receptor: G protein-coupled receptors

Class A: Rhodopsin-like

Neurotransmitter

Adrenergic	α1 (A B D) α2 (A B C) β1 β2 β3
Purinergic	Adenosine (A1 A2A A2B A3) P2Y (1 2 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14)
Serotonin	(all but 5-HT3) 5-HT1 (A B D E F) 5-HT2 (A B C) 5-HT (4 5A 6 7)
Other	Acetylcholine (M1 M2 M3 M4 M5) Dopamine D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 GHB receptor Histamine H1 H2 H3 H4 Melatonin (1A 1B 1C) TAAR (1 2 5 6 8 9)

Metabolites and
signaling molecules

Eicosanoid	CysLT (1 2) LTB4 1 2 FPRL1 OXE Prostaglandin DP (1 2), EP (1 2 3 4), FP Prostacyclin Thromboxane
Other	Bile acid Cannabinoid (CB1 CB2, GPR (18 55 119)) EBI2 Estrogen Free fatty acid (1 2 3 4) Hydroxycarboxylic acids 1 2 3 Lysophosphatidic acid (1 2 3 4 5 6) Lysophospholipid (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8) Oxoglutarate PAF Sphingosine-1-phosphate (1 2 3 4 5) Succinate

Peptide

Neuropeptide

B/W (1
2)
FF (1
2)
S
Y (1
2
4
5)
Neuromedin (B
U (1
2))
Neurotensin (1
2)

Other

Anaphylatoxin (C3a
C5a (1
2))
Angiotensin (1
2)
Apelin
Bombesin
- BRS3
- GRPR
- NMBR)
- Bradykinin (B1
- B2)
Chemokine
Cholecystokinin (A
B)
Endothelin
- A
- B
Formyl peptide (1
2
3)
FSH
Galanin (1
2
3)
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (1
2)
Ghrelin
Kisspeptin
Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin
MAS (1
1L
D
E
F
G
X1
X2
X3
X4)
Melanocortin (1
2
3
4
5)
MCHR (1
2)
Motilin
Opioid (Delta
Kappa
Mu
Nociceptin & Zeta, but not Sigma)
Orexin (1
2)
Oxytocin
Prokineticin (1
2)
Prolactin-releasing peptide
Relaxin (1
2
3
4)
Somatostatin (1
2
3
4
5)
Tachykinin (1
2
3)
Thyrotropin
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
Urotensin-II
Vasopressin (1A
1B
2)

Miscellaneous

Taste, bitter	TAS2R 1 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 13 14 16 19 20 30 31 38 39 40 41 42 43 45 46 50 60 Vomeronasal receptor type 1
Orphan	GPR (1 3 4 6 12 15 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 25 26 27 31 32 33 34 35 37 39 42 44 45 50 52 55 61 62 63 65 68 75 78 81 82 83 84 85 87 88 92 101 103 109A 109B 119 120 132 135 137B 139 141 142 146 148 149 150 151 152 153 160 161 162 171 173 174 176 177 182 183)
Other	Adrenomedullin Olfactory Opsin (3 4 5 1LW 1MW 1SW RGR RRH) Protease-activated (1 2 3 4) SREB (1 2 3)

Class B: Secretin-like

Adhesion	ADGRB Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1 2 3 ADGRC Cadherin 1 2 3 ADGRE EMR 1 2 3 CD97 ADGRG 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ADGRL Latrophilin 1 2 3 ELTD1
Orphan	GPR (56 64 97 98 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 123 124 125 126 128 133 143 144 155 157)
Other	Calcitonin CALCRL Corticotropin-releasing hormone (1 2) Glucagon (GR GIPR GLP1R GLP2R) Growth-hormone-releasing hormone PACAPR1 GPR Methuselah-like proteins Parathyroid hormone (1 2) Secretin Vasoactive intestinal peptide (1 2)

Class C: Metabotropic glutamate / pheromone

Taste, sweet	TAS1R 1 2 3 Vomeronasal receptor, type 2
Other	Calcium-sensing receptor GABA_B (1 2) Glutamate receptor (Metabotropic glutamate (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8)) GPRC6A GPR (156 158 179) RAIG (1 2 3 4)

Class F: Frizzled & Smoothened

Frizzled	Frizzled (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10)
Smoothened	Smoothened

v t e Receptor/signaling modulators
Amino acids and similar/related	Amino acids and related: GABA receptor modulators GABA_A receptor positive modulators GABA metabolism and transport modulators GHB receptor modulators Glutamate metabolism and transport modulators Glycine receptor modulators Ionotropic glutamate receptor modulators Metabotropic glutamate receptor modulators Monoamines: Adrenergic receptor modulators Dopamine receptor modulators Histamine receptor modulators Melatonin receptor modulators Monoamine metabolism modulators Monoamine neurotoxins Monoamine releasing agents Monoamine reuptake inhibitors Serotonin receptor modulators hTAAR modulators Acetylcholine: Acetylcholine metabolism and transport modulators Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor modulators Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulators Others: Imidazoline receptor modulators Purine receptor modulators Sigma receptor modulators Thyroid hormone receptor modulators
Lipids	Eicosanoids: Cannabinoid receptor modulators Leukotriene signaling modulators Prostanoid signaling modulators Phospholipids: Lysophospholipid signaling modulators PAF receptor modulators Steroids: Androgen receptor modulators Estrogen receptor modulators Glucocorticoid receptor modulators Mineralocorticoid receptor modulators Progesterone receptor modulators Steroid metabolism modulators Other nuclear receptors: Aryl hydrocarbon receptor modulators Estrogen-related receptor modulators FXR and LXR modulators PPAR modulators Retinoid receptor modulators Vitamin D receptor modulators Xenobiotic-sensing receptor modulators
Peptides/proteins	Peptides: Angiotensin receptor modulators GH/IGF-1 axis signaling modulators GnRH and gonadotropin receptor modulators Melanocortin receptor modulators Neurokinin receptor modulators Opioid receptor modulators Oxytocin and vasopressin receptor modulators Cytokines: Cytokine receptor modulators Chemokine receptor modulators Interleukin receptor modulators TNF receptor superfamily modulators Growth factors: Growth factor receptor modulators TGFβ receptor superfamily modulators
Others and non-receptor	Enzymes: Cytochrome P450 modulators Histone deacetylase inhibitors Phosphodiesterase inhibitors Ion channels: Ion channel modulators TRP channel modulators Transporters: Sodium-glucose transporter modulators Symporter inhibitors Others: Nitric oxide signaling modulators