Verbal memory

Form of memory

Verbal memory is a term used in cognitive psychology which refers to memory of words and other abstractions involving language. A variety of tests is used to test verbal memory, including learning lists or pairs of words, or recalling a story after it has been told. Verbal memory deals with memory of spoken information.^[1]

Verbal encoding

Verbal encoding refers to the interpretation of verbal stimuli. Verbal encoding appears to be strongly left-lateralized in the medial temporal lobe of the human brain; however, its functional neuroanatomy can vary between individuals.^[2]

Verbal recall

Verbal recall refers to the recollection of verbal information. Although left-lateralization is typically associated with language, studies suggest that symmetrical bi-lateralization of language in the brain is advantageous to verbal recall.^[3]

References

^ Tatsumi, Itaru F.; Watanabe, Masumi (2009), Binder, Marc D.; Hirokawa, Nobutaka; Windhorst, Uwe (eds.), "Verbal Memory", Encyclopedia of Neuroscience, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 4176–4178, doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29678-2_6266, ISBN 978-3-540-23735-8, retrieved 2024-08-07
^ A. Jansen, A.; Sehlmeyer, C.; Pfleiderer, B.; Sommer, J.; Konrad, C.; Zwitserlood, P.; Knecht S. "Assessment of Verbal Memory by fMRI: Lateralization and Functional Neuroanatomy". Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery. Volume 111, Issue 1. pp. 57–62.
^ Catani*,†,‡,§, Marco; Allin†, Matthew P.G.; Husain¶, Masud; Pugliese*, Lucas; Mesulam‖, Marsel M.; Murray†, Robin M.; Jones**, Derek K. "Symmetries in Human Brain Language Pathways Correlate with Verbal Recall. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

Human memory

Basic concepts

Encoding
Storage
Recall

Attention
Consolidation
Neuroanatomy

Types

Sensory	Echoic Eidetic Eyewitness Haptic Iconic Motor learning Visual
Short-term	"The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two" Working memory
Long-term	Active recall Autobiographical Explicit Declarative Episodic Semantic Flashbulb Hyperthymesia Implicit Meaningful learning Personal-event Procedural Rote learning Selective retention Tip of the tongue

In groups

Other topics

In society

Absent-mindedness
Atkinson–Shiffrin memory model
Context-dependent and state-dependent memory
Childhood memory
Exosomatic memory
Free recall
Intermediate-term memory
Involuntary memory
- flashbacks
Levels of Processing model
Metamemory
Muscle memory
Priming
- intertrial
Prospective and retrospective memory
The Seven Sins of Memory

People

Researchers	Richard C. Atkinson Robert A. Bjork Stephen J. Ceci Susan Clancy Hermann Ebbinghaus Sigmund Freud Patricia Goldman-Rakic Ivan Izquierdo Marcia K. Johnson Eric Kandel Elizabeth Loftus Geoffrey Loftus James McGaugh Eleanor Maguire George Armitage Miller Brenda Milner Lynn Nadel Henry L. Roediger III Daniel Schacter Richard Shiffrin Arthur P. Shimamura Larry Squire Susumu Tonegawa Anne Treisman Endel Tulving Robert Stickgold
Patients	HM KC NA Clive Wearing
Other	Jonathan Hancock Paul R. McHugh Dominic O'Brien Ben Pridmore Cosmos Rossellius Andriy Slyusarchuk