William Cunningham (economist)

Adèle Rebecca Dunlop

(m. 1876)

^[1]Ecclesiastical careerReligionChristianity (Anglican)ChurchChurch of England^[2]Ordained

1873 (deacon)^[3]
1874 (priest)^[3]

Offices held

Archdeacon of Ely (1907–1919) Academic backgroundAlma mater

University of Edinburgh
Trinity College, Cambridge

ThesisThe Influence of Descartes on Metaphysical Speculation in England (1876)InfluencesF. D. Maurice^[4]Academic workDiscipline

Economics
history

Sub-disciplineEconomic historySchool or traditionEnglish historical school of economicsInstitutions

Trinity College, Cambridge
King's College, London

Notable studentsEllen McArthur^[5]Notable worksThe Growth of English Industry and Commerce (1882)Influenced

Annie Abram^[6]
Lilian Knowles^[7]

William Cunningham FBA (29 December 1849 – 10 June 1919) was a Scottish economic historian and Anglican priest. He was a proponent of the historical method in economics and an opponent of free trade.

Early life and education

Cunningham was born in Edinburgh, Scotland,^[8] the third son of James Cunningham, Writer to the Signet. Educated at the Edinburgh Institution (taught by Robert McNair Ferguson, amongst others),^[9] the Edinburgh Academy, the University of Edinburgh, and Trinity College, Cambridge, he graduated BA in 1873, having gained first-class honours in the Moral Science tripos.^[3]^[10]

Career

Cunningham took holy orders in 1873, later serving as chaplain of Trinity College, Cambridge, from 1880 to 1891.^[11] He was university lecturer in history from 1884 to 1891, in which year he was appointed Tooke Professor of Economy and Statistics at King's College, London, a post which he held until 1897.^[12] He was lecturer in economic history at Harvard University (c. 1899), and Hulsean Lecturer at Cambridge (1885).^[13] He became vicar of Great St Mary's, Cambridge, in 1887, and was a founding fellow of the British Academy.^[2] In 1907 he was appointed Archdeacon of Ely.^[14]^[15]

Cunningham's Growth of English Industry and Commerce During the Early and Middle Ages (1890; 4th ed., 1905) and Growth of English Industry and Commerce in Modern Times (1882; 3rd ed., 1903) were at the time among the standard works of reference on the industrial history of England.^[16]

Cunningham's eminence as an economic historian gave special importance to his support of Joseph Chamberlain from 1903 onwards in criticizing the English free-trade policies and advocating tariff reform.

He was a critic of the nascent neoclassical economics, particularly as propounded by his colleague, Alfred Marshall, and the Cambridge school.

Cunningham has been described as "a champion of women's education in Cambridge."^[17] He taught the British historian Annie Abram.

Cunningham died in 1919 in Cambridge, England.^[2]

Works

Growth of English Industry and Commerce in Modern Times: The Mercantile System (1882); Cambridge U. Press, revised 7th ed. (1907) on line, McMaster
Politics and Economics: An Essay on the Nature of the Principles of Political Economy, Together with a Survey of Recent Legislation, London, Kegan, Paul, Trench & Co. (1885)
Growth of English Industry and Commerce During the Early and Middle Ages (1890); Cambridge, 5th ed. (1910) on line, McMaster
The Use and Abuse of Money, New York, Scribner's (1891); Kessinger, (2006) ISBN 1-4254-9423-4
William Cunningham (1897). Alien Immigrants to England. The Macmillan Co. alien immigrants to england.; Routledge (1997) ISBN 0-7146-1295-2
An Essay on Western Civilization in Its Economic Aspects (Ancient Times), Cambridge U. Press (1898)
An Essay on Western Civilization in Its Economic Aspects (Mediaeval and Modern Times), Cambridge U. Press (1900)
The Rise and Decline of the Free Trade Movement (1904);^[18] Cosimo ISBN 1-60520-115-4
Christianity and Politics, Boston and New York, Houghton Mifflin (1915)
The Story of Cambridgeshire (1920). Cambridge University Press (reissued by Cambridge University Press, 2009; ISBN 978-1-108-00341-4)

References

Footnotes

^ Koot 2004; Scott 1920, p. 4.
^ ^a ^b ^c Koot 2004.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Cunningham, William (CNNN869W)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
^ Koot 2004; Scott 1920, p. 3.
^ Erickson 2018, p. 29.
^ Goldberg 2013, p. 193.
^ Berg 1996, p. 70.
^ Koot 2004; Scott 1920, p. 2.
^ Scott 1920, p. 2.
^ Chisholm 1911, p. 633.
^ Chisholm 1911, p. 633; Koot 2004.
^ Scott 1920, p. 8.
^ Koot 2004; Scott 1920, pp. 5, 7.
^ Chisholm 1911, pp. 633–634.
^ Bentley 2005, p. 185.
^ Chisholm 1911, p. 634.
^ Berg 1996, p. 8.
^ "Review of The Rise and Decline of the Free Trade Movement by W. Cunningham". The Oxford Magazine. 23. The Proprietors: 348. 24 May 1905. Archived from the original on 28 September 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2023.

Bibliography

Bentley, Michael (2005). "The Evolution and Dissemination of Historical Knowledge". In Daunton, Martin (ed.). The Organisation of Knowledge in Victorian Britain. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-726326-6.
Berg, Maxine (1996). A Woman in History: Eileen Power, 1889–1940. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-56852-4.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Cunningham, William". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 633–634.
Erickson, Amy Louise (2018). "Ellen Annette McArthur: Establishing a Presence in the Academy". In Smith, Hilda L.; Zook, Melinda (eds.). Generations of Women Historians: Within and Beyond the Academy. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 25–48. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-77568-5_2. ISBN 978-3-319-77568-5. Archived from the original on 25 May 2021. Retrieved 7 April 2023.
Goldberg, Jeremy (2013). "Some Reflections on Women, Work, and the Family in the Later Medieval English Town". In Solórzano Telechea, Jesús Ángel; Arízaga Bolumburu, Beatriz Arízaga; Aguiar Andrade, Amélia (eds.). Ser mujer en la ciudad medieval europea. Logroño, Spain: Instituto de Estudios Riojanos. pp. 191–214. ISBN 978-84-9960-052-9. Retrieved 26 December 2019.
Koot, Gerard M. (2004). "Cunningham, William (1849–1919)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/32669.
Scott, W. R. (1920). William Cunningham (1849–1919). London: British Academy. Retrieved 26 December 2019.

External links

Works by or about William Cunningham at Wikisource
Works by William Cunningham at Project Gutenberg

Church of England titles
Preceded by William Emery	Archdeacon of Ely 1907–1919	Succeeded by Horace Price
Academic offices
Preceded by Thomas George Bonney	Hulsean Lecturer 1885	Succeeded by John de Soyres
Professional and academic associations
Preceded by William Hunt	President of the Royal Historical Society 1909–1913	Succeeded by Charles Firth

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v t e Founding fellows of the British Academy
The Earl of Rosebery The Viscount Dillon The Lord Reay Arthur Balfour John Morley The Lord Bryce William Edward Hartpole Lecky Sir William Anson Sir Frederick Pollock Sir Edward Maunde Thompson Sir Henry Maxwell Lyte Sir Courtenay Ilbert Sir Richard Claverhouse Jebb David Monro Sir Adolphus Ward Edward Caird Henry Francis Pelham Sir John Rhŷs George Salmon J. B. Bury Samuel Butcher Ingram Bywater Edward Byles Cowell William Cunningham Thomas Rhys Davids A. V. Dicey Samuel Rolles Driver Robinson Ellis Sir Arthur Evans Andrew Martin Fairbairn Robert Flint Sir James George Frazer Sir Israel Gollancz Thomas Hodgkin Shadworth Hodgson Sir Thomas Erskine Holland Frederic William Maitland Alfred Marshall John E. B. Mayor Sir James Murray Sir William Mitchell Ramsay William Sanday Walter William Skeat Sir Leslie Stephen Whitley Stokes Henry Barclay Swete Henry Fanshawe Tozer Robert Yelverton Tyrrell James Ward

Founding fellows of the British Academy

v t e Presidents of the Royal Historical Society
1871–1872 George Grote 1873–1878 John Russell, 1st Earl Russell 1878–1891 Henry Bruce, 1st Baron Aberdare 1891–1899 Sir M. E. Grant Duff 1899–1901 Sir Adolphus Ward 1901–1905 Sir George Prothero 1905–1909 William Hunt 1909–1913 William Cunningham 1913–1917 Sir Charles Firth 1917–1921 Sir Charles Oman 1921–1925 Sir John Fortescue 1925–1929 Frederick Tout 1929–1933 Sir Richard Lodge 1933–1937 Sir F. M. Powicke 1937–1945 Sir Frank Stenton 1946–1949 Robert William Seton-Watson 1949–1953 Theodore Plucknett 1953–1957 Hale Bellot 1957–1961 David Knowles 1961–1965 Sir Goronwy Edwards 1965–1969 Robin Humphreys 1969–1973 Sir R. W. Southern 1973–1977 Sir Geoffrey Elton 1977–1981 Sir John Habakkuk 1981–1985 Sir J. C. Holt 1985–1989 Gerald Aylmer 1989–1993 Michael Thompson 1993–1997 Sir Rees Davies 1997–2001 Sir P. J. Marshall 2001–2005 Dame Janet Nelson 2005–2008 Martin Daunton 2009–2012 Colin Jones 2012–2016 Peter Mandler 2016–2020 Margot Finn 2020-present Emma Griffin

Presidents of the Royal Historical Society

1871–1872 George Grote
1873–1878 John Russell, 1st Earl Russell
1878–1891 Henry Bruce, 1st Baron Aberdare
1891–1899 Sir M. E. Grant Duff
1899–1901 Sir Adolphus Ward
1901–1905 Sir George Prothero
1905–1909 William Hunt
1909–1913 William Cunningham
1913–1917 Sir Charles Firth
1917–1921 Sir Charles Oman
1921–1925 Sir John Fortescue
1925–1929 Frederick Tout
1929–1933 Sir Richard Lodge
1933–1937 Sir F. M. Powicke
1937–1945 Sir Frank Stenton
1946–1949 Robert William Seton-Watson
1949–1953 Theodore Plucknett
1953–1957 Hale Bellot
1957–1961 David Knowles
1961–1965 Sir Goronwy Edwards
1965–1969 Robin Humphreys
1969–1973 Sir R. W. Southern
1973–1977 Sir Geoffrey Elton
1977–1981 Sir John Habakkuk
1981–1985 Sir J. C. Holt
1985–1989 Gerald Aylmer
1989–1993 Michael Thompson
1993–1997 Sir Rees Davies
1997–2001 Sir P. J. Marshall
2001–2005 Dame Janet Nelson
2005–2008 Martin Daunton
2009–2012 Colin Jones
2012–2016 Peter Mandler
2016–2020 Margot Finn
2020-present Emma Griffin

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