Yazid ibn Abdallah al-Hulwani
Yazid ibn Abdallah ibn Dinar al-Hulwani (also called al-Turki)[1] (Arabic: يزيد بن عبد الله التركي) was the military governor (wālī al-jaysh)[2] of Egypt for the Abbasid Caliphate from 856 to 867.[3] He was the first Turk to govern Egypt.[4]
Career
Yazid rose to prominence as a lieutenant of the Turkish commander Itakh, and he served for a time as the chief of police (ṣāḥib al-shurṭa) of Samarra as the latter's deputy.[1] His career appears to have survived Itakh's fall from power in 849,[5] and in 856 he was selected to govern Egypt on behalf of the Abbasid prince al-Muntasir,[4] who had been assigned the province as part of the caliph al-Mutawakkil's succession arrangements.[6]
Yazid's tenure as governor was characterized by a lack of stability in the country. In Upper Egypt, rebellious Arab tribes had effectively seized control of the area around Aswan. In the north, Yazid was concerned with keeping dissent followers of Ali in check. Several Alawis were arrested and deported to Samarra, and the central government sent him instructions to severely limit the freedoms Alids and their supporters in the province. In 866 a revolt in the region of Alexandria was begun by one Jabir ibn al-Walid and enjoyed the support of the local Arabs, Christians and mawālī. Soon the rebels had spread across the Delta region and defeated the Turkish garrison stationed at Fustat. As a result of Yazid's failure to suppress the rebellion, he was recalled from his post by the central government in 867.[7]
Part of the reason for Yazid's failure was that his powers as governor were limited. He had been given responsibility for Fustat and the Nile districts, but Alexandria and Barqa had been removed from the jurisdiction of the Egyptian government and were separately administered at the time.[4] In addition, in accordance with the normal practice of the era, Yazid had control over the military and administration of the province, but not its fiscal affairs; these were delegated to a separate director of finance ('āmil).[8] From 861 on this latter post was occupied by Ahmad ibn al-Mudabbir, whose heavy taxes likely exacerbated the feelings of discontent among the populace.[9]
Yazid was replaced as governor by Muzahim ibn Khaqan, who had been dispatched to the province with reinforcements to put down Jabir's rebellion.[3]
References
Other Links
- Bianquis, Thierry (1998). "Autonomous Egypt from Ibn Ṭūlūn to Kāfūr, 868–969". In Petry, Carl F. (ed.). Cambridge History of Egypt, Volume One: Islamic Egypt, 640–1517. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 86–119. ISBN 0-521-47137-0.
- Brett, Michael. "The Fatimid revolution (861-973) and its aftermath in North Africa." The Cambridge History of Africa, Volume 2: c. 500 B.C. - A.D. 1050. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1978. ISBN 0-521-21592-7
- Gordon, Matthew S. (2001). The Breaking of a Thousand Swords: A History of the Turkish Military of Samarra (A.H. 200–275/815–889 C.E.). Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-7914-4795-2.
- Gottschalk, H.L. (1971). "Ibn al-Mudabbir". In Lewis, B.; Ménage, V. L.; Pellat, Ch. & Schacht, J. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume III: H–Iram. Leiden: E. J. Brill. OCLC 495469525.
- Kennedy, Hugh (1998). "Egypt as a province in the Islamic caliphate, 641–868". In Petry, Carl F. (ed.). Cambridge History of Egypt, Volume One: Islamic Egypt, 640–1517. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 62–85. ISBN 0-521-47137-0.
- Kraemer, Joel L., ed. (1989). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXXIV: Incipient Decline: The Caliphates of al-Wāthiq, al-Mutawakkil and al-Muntaṣir, A.D. 841–863/A.H. 227–248. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-88706-874-4.
Preceded by | Wali of Egypt 856–867 | Succeeded by |
- v
- t
- e
- Salih ibn Ali ibn Abdallah ibn al-Abbas (Second Term)
- Abu Awn Abd al-Malik ibn Yazid (Second Term)
- Musa ibn Ka'b al-Tamimi
- Muhammad ibn al-Ash'ath al-Khuza'i
- Humayd ibn Qahtaba
- Yazid ibn Hatim al-Muhallabi
- Abdallah ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn Mu'awiya ibn Hudayj al-Tujibi
- Muhammad ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn Mu'awiya ibn Hudayj al-Tujibi
- Musa ibn Ali ibn Rabah al-Lakhmi
- Isa ibn Luqman al-Jumahi
- Wadih al-Maskin
- Mansur ibn Yazid ibn Mansur
- Yahya ibn Sa'id al-Harashi
- Salim ibn Sawada al-Tamimi
- Ibrahim ibn Salih ibn Abdallah ibn al-Abbas
- Musa ibn Mus'ab al-Khath'ami
- Ali ibn Sulayman al-Abbasi
- Musa ibn Isa ibn Musa al-Abbasi
- Maslama ibn Yahya al-Bajali
- Muhammad ibn Zuhayr al-Azdi
- Dawud ibn Yazid ibn Hatim al-Muhallabi
- Musa ibn Isa ibn Musa al-Abbasi (Second Term)
- Ibrahim ibn Salih ibn Abdallah ibn al-Abbas
- Abdallah ibn al-Musayyab ibn Zuhayr al-Dabbi
- Ishaq ibn Sulayman
- Harthama ibn A'yan
- Abd al-Malik ibn Salih
- Abdallah ibn al-Musayyab ibn Zuhayr al-Dabbi (Second Term)
- Ubaydallah ibn al-Mahdi al-Abbasi
- Musa ibn Isa ibn Musa al-Abbasi (Third Term)
- Ubaydallah ibn al-Mahdi al-Abbasi (Second Term)
- Isma'il ibn Salih ibn Ali al-Abbasi
- Isma'il ibn Isa al-Abbasi
- Al-Layth ibn al-Fadl
- Ahmad ibn Ismail ibn Ali ibn Abdallah al-Abbasi
- Abdallah ibn Muhammad al-Abbasi
- Al-Husayn ibn Jamil
- Malik ibn Dalham al-Kalbi
- Abbad ibn Muhammad ibn Hayyan
- Al-Muttalib ibn Abdallah al-Khuza'i
- Al-Abbas ibn Musa ibn Isa al-Abbasi
- Al-Muttalib ibn Abdallah al-Khuza'i (Second Term)
- Al-Sari ibn al-Hakam
- Sulayman ibn Ghalib ibn Jibril al-Bajali
- Al-Sari ibn al-Hakam (Second Term)
- Abu Nasr ibn al-Sari
- Khalid ibn Yazid ibn Mazyad
- Ubaydallah ibn al-Sari
- Abdallah ibn Tahir al-Khurasani
- Isa ibn Yazid al-Juludi
- Umayr ibn al-Walid
- Isa ibn Yazid al-Juludi (Second Term)
- Abdawayh ibn Jabalah
- Isa ibn Mansur al-Rafi'i
- Al-Ma'mun (Caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate)
Al-Musta'in
- Yazid ibn Abdallah al-Hulwani