Daftar pemilihan Paus
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Roma-sanpietroin_vincoli01.jpg/300px-Roma-sanpietroin_vincoli01.jpg)
Terdapat 110 pemilihan Paus yang saat ini diakui oleh Gereja Katolik secara sah. Prosesnya tidak tetap pada pemilihan Paus sebelum 1059 dan para Paus pada saat itu sering dipilih oleh keterlibatan sekuler secara substansial, jika tidak ada penunjukan langsung. Namun, sejak promulgasi In nomine Domini (1059), hak pilih hanya terbatas untuk Dewan Kardinal.[1]
Pemilihan Paus sejak 1276 dibuat dalam bentuk konklaf, yang merupakan pemilihan yang disertai dengan peraturan dan prosedur yang dikembangkan pada Ubi periculum (1274) dan kemudian bulla kepausan; pengadaan konklaf dibuat beragam sampai 1294, tetapi, seluruh pemilihan Paus setelahnya dibentuk dengan prosedur konklaf yang relatif sama.
Meskipun para kardinal secara historis dapat berkumpul di beberapa lokasi baik itu Roma dan di kota lainnya, hanya lima pemilihan sejak 1455 yang dilakukan di luar Istana Apostolik.[2] Dua puluh delapan pemilihan Paus dilakukan di luar Roma, di: Terracina (1088), Cluny (1119), Velletri (1181), Verona (1185), Ferrara (Oktober 1187), Pisa (Desember 1187), Perugia (1216, 1264–1265, 1285, 1292–1294, 1304–1305), Anagni (1243), Naples (1254, 1294), Viterbo (1261, 1268–1271, Juli 1276, Agustus–September 1276, 1277, 1281–1282), Arezzo (Januari 1276), Carpentras/Lyon (1314–1316), Avignon (1334, 1342, 1352, 1362, 1370), Konstanz (1417) dan Venesia (1799–1800). Tiga pemilihan berpindah tempat pada saat prosesnya: pemilihan 1268–71, 1292–94, dan 1314–16.
Daftar pemilihan
Daftar isi |
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1059–1100 · 1100–1200 · 1200–1300 · 1300–1400 · 1400–1500 · 1500–1600 · 1600–1700 · 1700–1800 · 1800–1900 · 1900–2000 · 2000–sekarang |
- Untuk pemilihan yang memenangkan pengeklaim takhta Paus yang saat ini dianggap oleh Gereja Katolik sebagai Antipaus, hurufnya dimiringkan.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/TerracinaDuomo.jpg/220px-TerracinaDuomo.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Dehio_212_Cluny.jpg/220px-Dehio_212_Cluny.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Septiconium_Luci_Septimi_Severi.jpg/220px-Septiconium_Luci_Septimi_Severi.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Viterbo%2C_palazzo_e_loggia_dei_papi%2C_02.jpg/220px-Viterbo%2C_palazzo_e_loggia_dei_papi%2C_02.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Avignon%2C_Palais_des_Papes_by_JM_Rosier.jpg/220px-Avignon%2C_Palais_des_Papes_by_JM_Rosier.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/MPano_07.jpg/220px-MPano_07.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Chapelle_sixtine2.jpg/220px-Chapelle_sixtine2.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Vue_depuis_Chiesa_di_San_Giorgio_Maggiore_4.jpg/220px-Vue_depuis_Chiesa_di_San_Giorgio_Maggiore_4.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Quirinale_palazzo_e_obelisco_con_dioscuri_Roma.jpg/220px-Quirinale_palazzo_e_obelisco_con_dioscuri_Roma.jpg)
Referensi
- ^ Johannes Baptist Sägmüller, "Cardinal" di Catholic Encyclopedia (1913).
- ^ a b Baumgartner, Frederic J. (2003). ""I Will Observe Absolute and Perpetual Secrecy:" The Historical Background of the Rigid Secrecy Found in Papal Elections". Catholic Historical Review. Vol. 89, Issue 2. pp. 165–181.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 19–24.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 24–25.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 25–26.
- ^ a b Baumgartner, 2003, p. 26.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 26–27.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 27–28.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 28–29.
- ^ a b Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 29–31.
- ^ a b c d Baumgartner, 2003, p. 31.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 31–32.
- ^ a b Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 32–33.
- ^ a b Baumgartner, 2003, p. 33.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 33–34.
- ^ a b c d Baumgartner, 2003, p. 34.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 34–35.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 35.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 35–36.
- ^ a b Baumgartner, 2003, p. 36.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 36–37.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 37–39.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 40.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 40–41.
- ^ Walsh, Michael J. (2003). The Conclave. ISBN 1-58051-135-X. p. 86
- ^ a b Baumgartner, 2003, p. 41.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 42.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 42–43.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 43.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 43–45.
- ^ Baumgatner, 2003, pp. 45–46.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 47–48.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 48–49.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 49–50.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 50–51.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 51.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 52–53.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 54.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 54–55.
- ^ a b Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 55–60.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 60–61.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 61.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 62.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 62–63.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 63.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 63–64.
- ^ Baumgatner, 2003, pp. 64–66.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 67.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 68–69.
- ^ a b c d e f g Chambers, DS. 1978. "Papal Conclaves and Prophetic Mystery in the Sistine Chapel". Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, Vol. 41: pp. 322–326.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 69.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 70.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 71–73.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 73–77.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 77–79.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 79–81.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 81–83.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 84–85.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 86–89.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 89.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 91–93.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 95–98.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 98-101.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 102–103.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 104–110.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 111–112.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 112–113.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 116–120.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 121–123.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 125–126.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 127–130.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 132–134.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 134–135.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 136.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 136–138.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 139–142.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 142.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 143–145.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 147–149.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 153–154.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 155–157.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 157–159.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 159–161.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 161–162.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 163–164.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 164–166.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 167.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 168–170.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 170–171.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 171–173.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 173–175.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 175–176.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 176–178.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 179–180.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 182–184.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 186–187.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 188–189.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 189–190.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 191–193.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 195–199.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 201–204.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 206–208.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 209–210.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 212–213.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 215–218.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 219–222.
- ^ a b Baumgartner, 2003, pp. 223–227.
- ^ Greeley, Andrew M. 2005. The Making of the Pope: 2005. Brown, Little. ISBN 0-316-86149-9.
- ^ Lyman, Eric J. (1 Maret 2013). "Vatican summons cardinals for conclave". USA Today. Diakses pada 3 Maret 2013.
Bacaan lanjutan
- Baumgartner, Frederic J. 2003. Behind Locked Doors: A History of the Papal Elections. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 0-312-29463-8.
Pranala luar
- (Inggris) Pemilihan Paus dan konklaf menurut abad meliputi daftar kardinal yang diketahui mengikuti setiap konklaf
- (Inggris) Notes, by J. P. Adams, on Papal Elections and Conclaves from the 11th to the 21st Centuries