Edmonia Lewis

Edmonia Lewis
Lahir	Mary Edmonia Lewis 4 Juli 1844 Greenbush, New York, Amerika Serikat
Meninggal	17 September 1907(1907-09-17) (umur 63) London, Britania Raya
Kebangsaan	Mississauga Ojibwe (ibu) dan Afro-Haiti (ayah)
Pendidikan	New York Central College, Oberlin College
Dikenal atas	Memahat
Gerakan politik	Neoklasikisme Akhir

Mary Edmonia Lewis (4 Juli 1844 – 17 September 1907) adalah seorang pemahat asal Amerika Serikat yang berkarya dalam sebagian besar masa kariernya di Roma, Italia. Lahir merdeka di New York, ia merupakan wanita berdarah Afrika-Amerika dan Amerika Asli pertama yang meraih ketenaran mancanegara dan dikenal sebagai pemahat dalam dunia seni rupa murni.

• Buick, Kirsten Pai (2010). Child of the Fire: Mary Edmonia Lewis and the Problem of Art History's Black and Indian Subject. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0-8223-4266-3. Diakses tanggal 1 February 2017. 
• Chadwick, Whitney (2012). Women, Art, and Society (edisi ke-5th). New York, NY: Thames and Hudson. ISBN 9780500204054. 
• "The Death of Cleopatra". Smithsonian American Art Museum (museum catalog record). Diakses tanggal 1 August 2018. 
• Gold, Susanna W. (Spring 2012). "The death of Cleopatra / the birth of freedom: Edmonia Lewis at the new world's fair". Biography. 35 (2): 318–324. doi:10.1353/bio.2012.0014 – via EBSCO. 
• Hartigan, Lynda Roscoe (1985). Sharing Traditions: Five Black Artists in Nineteenth-Century America: From the Collections of the National Museum of American Art. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press. OCLC 11398839. 
• Henderson, Harry; Henderson, Albert (2012). The Indomitable Spirit of Edmonia Lewis: a narrative biography. Esquiline Hill Press. ISBN 978-1-58863-451-1. 
• Katz, William L.; Franklin, Paula A. (1993). "Edmonia Lewis: Sculptor". Proudly Red and Black: Stories of African and Native Americans. New York: Maxwell Macmillan. ISBN 978-0689318016. Diakses tanggal 1 February 2017. 
• May, Stephen (September 1996). "The Object at Hand". Smithsonian. hlm. 20. Diakses tanggal 31 July 2018. 
• Nelson, Charmaine A. (2007). The Color of Stone: Sculpting the Black Female Subject in Nineteenth-Century America. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-0816646517. Diakses tanggal 1 February 2017. 
• Perry, Regenia A. (1992). Free within Ourselves: African-American Artists in the Collection of the National Museum of American Art. Washington, D.C.: National Museum of American Art. ISBN 978-1566400732. Diakses tanggal 1 February 2017. 
• Pickett, Mary (1 March 2002). "Samuel W. Lewis: Orphan leaves mark on Bozeman". Billings Gazette. Diakses tanggal 1 February 2017. 
• Plowden, Martha W. (1994). "Edmonia Lewis-Sculptor". Famous Firsts of Black Women (edisi ke-2nd). Gretna: Pelican Company. ISBN 978-1565541979. Diakses tanggal 1 February 2017. 
• Richardson, Marilyn (2009). ”Edmonia Lewis and Her Italian Circle,” in Serpa Salenius, ed., Sculptors, Painters, and Italy: ItalianInfluence on Nineteenth-Century American Art, Il Prato Casa Editrice, Padua, Italy, pp. 99–110. Retrieved 1 February 2019.
• Richardson, Marilyn (2011). “Sculptor’s Death Unearthed: Edmonia Lewis Died in 1907,” ARTFIXdaily, 9 January 2011. Retrieved 1 February 2019.
• Richardson, Marilyn (2011). “Three Indians in Battle by Edmonia Lewis,” Maine Antique Digest, Jan. 2011, p. 10-A. Retrieved 1 February 2019.
• Richardson, Marilyn (1986). "Vita: Edmonia Lewis," Harvard Magazine, March, 1986. Retrieved 1 February 2019.
• Richardson, Marilyn (July 1995). "Edmonia Lewis' The Death Of Cleopatra: Myth And Identity". The International Review of African American Art. 12 (2): 36. Diakses tanggal 1 February 2017. 
• Richardson, Marilyn (Summer 2008). "Edmonia Lewis at McGrawville: The early education of a nineteenth-century black women artist". Nineteenth-Century Contexts. 22 (2): 239–256. doi:10.1080/08905490008583510. 
• "Sculptor Edmonia Lewis' 'Cleopatra' revived and on view in Washington: Heritage Corner". New York Amsterdam News. 87 (22). 1 June 1996. hlm. 37. ISSN 1059-1818. ProQuest 390284855. 
• Wolfe, Rinna Evelyn (1998). Edmonia Lewis: Wildfire in Marble. Parsippany, NJ: Dillon Press. ISBN 0-382-39714-2. Diakses tanggal 1 February 2017. 
• Woods, Naurice Frank (1993). Insuperable Obstacles: The Impact of Racism on the Creative and Personal Development of Four Nineteenth Century African American Artists. Cincinnati: Union Institute. Diakses tanggal 1 February 2017. 

• Bearden, Romare (1993). A History of African-American Artists From 1792 to the Present. Pantheon Books, Random House. ISBN 0-394-57016-2. Diakses tanggal 1 February 2017. 
• Farrington, Lisa E (2005). Creating Their Own Images: The History of African-American Women Artists. New York: Oxford University Press. 
• Richardson, Marilyn (1999). "Edmonia Lewis". Dalam National Council of Learned Societies. American National Biography. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1701145. 
• Richardson, Marilyn (10 October 2008). Edmonia Lewis and the Boston of Italy. The City and the Book V: International Conference on Americans in Florence's 'English' Cemetery. 

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