Centrino
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ms/thumb/9/90/CentrinoComponents.png/300px-CentrinoComponents.png)
Centrino adalah salah satu daripada strategi pemasaran dari Intel, di mana sesebuah komputer riba perlu menggunakan pemproses, chipset papan induk dan kad wayarles yang diiktiraf oleh Intel. Intel menyatakan bahawa sistem yang berteraskan Centrino mempunyai prestasi yang lebih baik, jangka hayat bateri yang lebih lama dan capaian rangkaian tanpa dawai yang lebih bagus.
Untuk medapatkan label Centrino, penjual komputer riba wajib menggunakan ketiga-tiga bahagian yang diiktiraf Intel. Komputer yang menggunakan cuma CPU dan chipset sahaja sebaliknya akan diberi label Intel Core 2.
Intel Centrino
Wireless LAN | Chipset | Centrino | Processor | Codename | Release Date | Manufacturing Technology | Microarchitecture |
Intel Wireless Products | 800 Series | Carmel | Intel Pentium M | Banias | 2003 | 130 nm | Intel P6 |
Dothan | 2004 | 90 nm | |||||
900 Series | Sonoma | 2005 | |||||
Napa | Intel Core Duo/Solo | Yonah | 2006 | 65 nm | |||
Intel Core 2 Duo/Solo | Merom | Intel Core | |||||
Santa Rosa | Intel Core 2 Duo | 2007 | |||||
Penryn | 2008 | 45 nm | |||||
4 Series | Montevina | ||||||
5 Series | Calpella | Intel Core i7/i7 Extreme Edition | Clarksfield | 2009 | Intel Nehalem | ||
Intel Core i3/i5/i7 | Arrandale | 2010 | 32 nm | ||||
6 Series | Huron River | Intel Core i3/i5/i7/i7 Extreme Edition | Sandy Bridge | 2011 | Intel Sandy Bridge | ||
7 Series | Chief River | Intel Core i3/i5/i7/i7 Extreme Edition | Ivy Bridge | 2012 | 22 nm | ||
8 Series | Shark Bay | Intel Core i3/i5/i7/i7 Extreme Edition | Haswell | 2013 | Intel Haswell | ||
9 Series | ? | Broadwell | 2014 | 14 nm |
Pelaksanaan
Pelantar Carmel (2003)
Pada bulan Mac 2003, Intel telah memperkenalkan generasi pertama pelantar Centrino dengan nama kod Carmel.
Centrino | Pelantar Carmel |
---|---|
Set cip | siri Intel 855 (nama kod Odem atau Montara dengan Intel Extreme Graphics 2), DDR-266 atau DDR-333. |
Pemproses | Intel Pentium M (nama kod Banias atau kemudiannya Dothan) dengan 400 MT/s FSB, Soket 479. |
Rangkaian Tanpa-Wayar | Intel PRO/Wireless 2100B (nama kod Calexico) atau kemudiannya penyesuai Wi-Fi 2200BG mini-PCI (nama kod Calexico2). |
Pada mulanya, pemerhati industri telah mengecam pelantar Carmel diatas kelembapan menyeragamkannya dengan IEEE 802.11g, kerana banyak pengeluar chip Wi-Fi bebas seperti Broadcom dan Atheros telah pun memulakan pengeluaran produk 802.11g. Intel membalas dengan mengatakan IEEE belum menyudahkan piawaian 802.11g semasa Carmel diperkenalkan, dan mereka cuma mahu melancarkan produk berdasarkan piawaian terakhir. Selepas piawaian 802.11g dimuktamadkan pada awal 2004, Intel telah melancarkan Intel PRO/Wireless 2200BG untuk menggantikan 2100. Pada masa yang sama, mereka memperkenalkan Dothan Pentium M untuk menggantikan Banias Pentium M. Pada mulanya, Intel hanya melancarkan chipset 855GM, yang mana tidak menyokong grafik luaran. Kemudiannya, barulah Intel memperkenalkan chip 855GME dan 855PM, yang menyokong grafik luaran pada laptop Centrino.
Walaupun menerima kritikan, pelantar Carmel berjaya diterima dengan baik oleh OEM dan pengguna. Carmel boleh mencapai atau melebihi kemampuan pelantar Pentium 4-M yang lama, dan membenarkan operasi komputer riba sehingga 4 ke 5 jam menggunakan bateri 48 W-h. Carmel juga membolehkan pengeluar merekabentuk komputer riba yang lebih nipis dan ringan kerana komponennya tidak membebaskan banyak haba, dan oleh itu tidak memerlukan sistem penyejuk yang besar.
Pelantar Sonoma (2005)
Intel menggunakan Sonoma sebagai nama kod generasi kedua pelantar Centrino yang diperkenalkan pada Januari 2005.
Centrino | Pelantar Sonoma |
---|---|
Set cip | siri Intel Mobile 915 Express (nama kod Alviso dengan Intel GMA 900), DDR2-533. |
Pemproses | pemproses Intel Pentium M (nama kod Dothan) dengan 533 MT/s FSB, Soket 479. |
Rangkaian Tanpa-Wayar | Intel PRO/Wireless 2200BG atau penyesuai Wi-Fi 2915ABG mini-PCI (kedua-duanya menggunakan nama kod Calexico2). |
Set cip Mobile 915 Express, sebagaimana versi desktop, menyokong kebanyakan ciri baru seperti DDR2, PCI Express, Intel High Definition Audio, dan SATA. Malangnya, pengenalan kepada PCI Express dan Pemproses Pentium M yang lebih laju menyebabkan komputer riba yang dibina atas pelantar Sonoma mempunyai jangka hayat bateri yang lebih pendek daripada pelantar Carmel; komputer riba dalam pelantar Sonoma biasanya mencapai jangka hayat bateri antara 3.5 hingga 4.6 jam menggunakan bateri berkuasa 53 W-h.
Pelantar Napa (2006)
Nama kod Napa menandakan pelantar Centrino generasi ke-3, diperkenalkan pada Januari 2006 di Consumer Electronics Show musim sejuk. Pada mulanya pelantar ini hanya menyokong pemproses Intel Core Duo tetapi bermula 27 Julai 2006, ia turut menyokong pemproses yang terbaharu, Intel Core 2 Duo.
Centrino | Pelantar Napa |
---|---|
Cip set | Siri Intel Mobile 945 Express (nama kod Calistoga dengan Intel GMA 950), termasuk ICH7M southbridge.
|
Pemproses | Pemproses - Socket M / Micro-FCBGA
|
Rangkaian Tanpa-Wayar | Penyesuai Wi-Fi Intel PRO/Wireless 3945ABG mini-PCIe (nama kod Golan).
|
Intel menggunakan penjenamaan Centrino Duo untuk komputer riba dengan pemproses dwi-teras ("Core Duo") dan ("Core 2 Duo") dan mengekalkan nama Centrino untuk komputer riba dengan pemproses teras tunggal ("Core Solo"). Sebahagian komputer riba Core Duo yang terdahulu masih menggunakan label Intel Centrino berbanding Centrino Duo seperti yang sepatutnya.
Santa Rosa platform (2007)
The codename Santa Rosa refers to the fourth-generation Centrino platform, which was released on Wednesday May 9, 2007.
Centrino | Santa Rosa platform |
---|---|
Mobile chipset | an Intel Mobile 965 Express series chipset (codenamed Crestline): GM965 with Intel's GMA X3100 graphics technology or PM965 with discrete graphics, and ICH8M southbridge, 800 MT/s front side bus with Dynamic Front Side Bus Switching to save power during low utilization.
|
Mobile processor | Processors - Socket P / Micro-FCPGA / Micro-FCBGA
|
Wireless network | an Intel WiFi Link 4965AGN (a/b/g/draft-n) mini-PCIe Wi-Fi adapter (codenamed Kedron).
|
The Santa Rosa platform comes with dynamic acceleration technology, allowing single threaded applications to execute faster. When a single threaded application is running, the CPU can turn off one of its cores and overclock the active core. In this way the CPU maintains the same Thermal Profile as it would when both cores are active. Santa Rosa performs well as a mobile gaming platform due to its ability to switch between single threaded and multithreaded tasks. [4] Other power savings come from an Enhanced Sleep state where both the CPU cores and the chipset will power down.
The wireless chipset update was originally intended to include WWAN Internet access via HSDPA (3.5G), (codenamed Windigo) co-developed with Nokia.[5][6] After announcing a working partnership, both later retracted the deal citing the lack of a clear business case for the technology. Support for WiMAX (802.16) was originally scheduled for inclusion in Santa Rosa but appears to have been delayed until Montevina in 2008 [5].
It is branded as "Centrino Pro" when combined with the enhanced security technologies Intel introduced with vPro and "Centrino Duo" when they are not used. [7]
Montevina platform (2008)
The codename Montevina refers to the fifth-generation Centrino platform, now formally named Centrino 2 to avoid confusion with previous Centrino platforms. It was scheduled for release at Computex Taipei 2008, which took place on June 3–7, 2008,[8] but was delayed until July 15, due to problems with integrated graphics and wireless certification.[9]
Centrino | Montevina platform |
---|---|
Mobile chipset | an Intel Mobile 4 Express series chipset (codenamed Cantiga; GL40, GS45, GM45, PM45) with Intel's GMA X4500 graphics technology and ICH9M southbridge, 1066 MT/s (667 MT/s for GL40) front side bus. The GM45/GS45 graphics core is clocked at 533MHz and 380MHz for GL40, which contains ten unified shaders, up from the eight provided by GMA X3100.
|
Mobile processor | Processors - Socket P / Micro-FCPGA / Micro-FCBGA
|
Wireless network | Wireless Modules
|
It is branded as Centrino 2 vPro when combined with built-in security and manageability features technologies.
Calpella platform (2009)
The codename Calpella refers to the sixth-generation Centrino platform; it will be competing with the AMD Fusion platform. Though originally scheduled to premiere in Q3 2009 with the second iteration of Nehalem processors,[11] Intel has stated that due to pressure from computer manufacturers, they will delay the release of the platform until at least October 2009 (Q4 2009) to allowed OEM partners to clear excess inventory for existing chips. This is believed to be spurred by the lowered demand due to the current unfavorable economic conditions.[12]
Centrino | Calpella platform |
---|---|
Mobile chipset | an Intel Mobile Express Series 5 chipset with Intel's graphics technology that will allow for optimized decoding/encoding and editing/playback of H.264/MPEG-4 AVC video used in Blu-ray Discs and HD 1080p video, optimized for MPEG-2 (DVD) video playback and editing.
|
Mobile processor | Processors - based on Intel Nehalem microarchitecture (codenamed Gilo)
|
Wireless network | Wireless Modules
|
Lihat juga
- Mobile Internet Device (MID)
- Pentium M
- Intel Viiv
- Intel vPro
- AMD mobile platform
Rujukan
- ^ "Intel dumbs down dual Santa Rosa cores with IDA - The INQUIRER". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2013-01-12. Dicapai pada 2008-02-18.
- ^ Intel Previews a New Family of Power-Saving Chips - New York Times
- ^ Rickwood, Lee. "Intel Unveils Next Gen Processor". PCWorld.ca. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2007-09-28. Dicapai pada 2007-05-09.
- ^ Santa Rosa Revealed, TrustedReviews
- ^ a b Intel Wireless Connectivity Roadmap, The Register
- ^ Intel, NextGen feature Nokia chip, CNET
- ^ Santa Rosa officially dubbed Centrino Pro, engadget
- ^ Kim, Arnold (2008-02-18). "Intel Processors and Platform (Montevina) Due in June 2008". MacRumors.com.
- ^ Kircos, Bill (2008-05-28). "Intel Delays Next-Generation Centrino Chipset". pcmag.com. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2009-05-02. Dicapai pada 2009-08-01.
- ^ Tony Smith (2006-10-11). "Intel to follow 'Santa Rosa' Centrino with 'Montevina'". The Register. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2008-10-07. Dicapai pada 2008-02-18.
- ^ "Intel to launch Calpella notebook platform in 3Q09". digitimes.com. 2008-08-05.
- ^ "Notebook vendors looking for delay of Intel's Calpella platform". digitimes.com. 2009-01-05.
Pautan luar
- http://www.intel.com/products/centrino/
- Intel Centrino Mobile Technology Test Utility
- Information from Intel Corporation.
- Intel Processor comparison table
- Lindows CEO attacks Intel's Centrino Linux lockout, 20 Mac 2003.
- Intel's Centrino operating system support page.
- Linux on Centrino based laptops and notebooks Diarkibkan 2004-06-13 di Wayback Machine.
- Homepage of the software "Notebook Hardware Control"
- Something like "Notebook Hardware Control" for Linux
- Intel(R) vPro(TM) Expert Center