Orang Gujarati
ગુજરાતી | |||
---|---|---|---|
| |||
Jumlah penduduk | |||
s. 50 million | |||
Kawasan ramai penduduk | |||
![]() | 46,091,617[1] | ||
![]() | 500,000-1,500,000[2][3][4] | ||
![]() | 1,270,000[5] | ||
![]() | 615,000[6] | ||
![]() | 395,000[7] | ||
![]() | 285,000[8][9] | ||
![]() | 118,950[10] | ||
![]() | 108,341[7] | ||
![]() | 100,000 | ||
![]() | 81,500 | ||
![]() | 60,000[10] | ||
![]() | 53,000 | ||
![]() | 47,000 | ||
![]() | 40,000 | ||
![]() | 40,000 | ||
![]() | 36,800[12] | ||
![]() | 34,900 | ||
![]() | 33,000 | ||
![]() | 31,500 | ||
![]() | 30,000 | ||
![]() | 30,000 | ||
![]() | 28,500 | ||
![]() | 28,000[14] | ||
![]() | 27,500 | ||
![]() | 26,000 | ||
![]() | 25,000 | ||
![]() | 23,000 | ||
![]() | 16,000 | ||
![]() | 14,000 | ||
![]() | 11,500 | ||
![]() | 7,000 - 10,000 | ||
![]() | 3,700 | ||
![]() | 3,200 | ||
![]() | 2,100 | ||
![]() | 2,000 | ||
![]() | 1,300 | ||
![]() | 1,000 | ||
![]() | 1,000 | ||
![]() | 1,000 | ||
![]() | 1,000 | ||
![]() | 881 | ||
![]() | 700 | ||
![]() | 600 | ||
![]() | 550-1,000 | ||
![]() | 500 | ||
![]() | 263 | ||
![]() | 200 | ||
![]() | 118 | ||
![]() | 107 | ||
![]() | 100 | ||
Bahasa | |||
Native: Bahasa Kedua:
| |||
Agama | |||
Sebahagian Besar: Hindu Minoriti: | |||
Kumpulan etnik berkaitan | |||
Bangsa Indo-Aryan |
Orang Gujarati atau Gujarati (Gujarati: ગુજરાતી) adalah sebuah kumpulan ethnolinguistic Indo-Aryan India yang secara tradisinya bercakap Bahasa Gujarat, bahasa Indo-Iran. Antara orang Gujarat yang terkenal adalah Mahatma Gandhi, Sardar Patel Vallabhai, Morarji Desai, Sam Bahadur, Vikram Sarabhai, Swami Dayanand Saraswati, Shyamji Krishna Varma, Muhammed Ali Jinnah, Freddie Mercury, Azim Premji, Dhirubhai Ambani, Narendra Modi dan Jamsetji Tata. Orang Gujarati memainkan jasa yang besar dalam perjuangan kemerdekaan India dan merupakan pengasas doktrin Swaraj.[11][12][13]
Taburan Geografi
Walaupun dengan penghijrahan besar atas sebab-sebab ekonomi, sebahagian besar Orang Gujarat di India tinggal di negeri Gujarat di Barat India. Gujarat juga membentuk sebahagian besar daripada penduduk di wilayah kesatuan kecil Daman dan Diu, dan Dadra Nagar Haveli, kedua-duanya adalah bekas jajahan Portugis. Terdapat juga masyarakat Gujarati di bahagian-bahagian lain di India, terutama sekali di Mumbai, Delhi, Calcutta, Chennai, Bangalore dan kawasan metropolitan yang lain seperti Kollam dan Kochi di Kerala.Selain itu, kaum ini juga boleh didapati di Fiji, Singapura, UK, Malaysia, Amerika Syarikat dan Kanada.
Budaya
Pada amamnya, Masyarakat Gujrati dikenali sebagai masyarakat yang pandai dalam perniagaan dan perdagangan. Rakyat Gujarati kebanyakannya Hindu. Terdapat juga ramai penduduk Islam, Kristian dan Jain, dan populasi kecil Buddha, Majusi, Sikh dan Yahudi
Kesusasteraan
Sejarah kesusasteraan Gujarati boleh dikesan hingga 1000 Masihi. Sejak itu kesusasteraan telah berkembang sehingga kini. penerima anugerah terkenal sastera Gujarati adalah Jhaverchand Meghani, Avinash Vyas, Hemchandracharya, Narsinh Mehta, Gulabdas Broker, Akho, Premanand Bhatt, Shamal Bhatt, Dayaram, Dalpatram, Narmad, Govardhanram Tripathi, Mahatma Gandhi, KM Munshi, Umashankar Joshi, Suresh Joshi, Pannalal Patel, Imamuddin Khanji Babi Saheb (Ruswa mazlumi), Niranjan Bhagat, Rajendra Keshavlal Shah, Raghuveer Chaudhari dan Sitanshu Yashaschandra Mehta.
Rujukan
- ^ "Scheduled Languages in descending order of speaker's strength - 2001". Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
- ^ Joel Millman (1998). The other Americans: how immigrants renew our country, our economy, and our values. Pennsylvania State University. m/s. 170. ISBN 9780140242171. Dicapai pada 28 February 2017.
There are over half a million Gujarati in America today.
- ^ Dan Mayur (2017). Living Dreams. Mehta Publishing House. m/s. 335. ISBN 9789386342140. Dicapai pada 28 February 2017.
Nevertheless, the half or million so Gujaratis in the United States, referred to as Gujjus, are entrepreneurial by nature...
- ^ "Gujaratis 6% of Indians, but 20% of US Indians". http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com. Dicapai pada 28 February 2017. External link in
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(bantuan) - ^ "Gujarati of Pakistan". PeopleGroups.org. Dicapai pada 14 January 2016.
- ^ Ralat petik: Tag
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- ^ "Gujarati of Tanzania". PeopleGroups.org. Dicapai pada 1 March 2017.
- ^ Raymond Brady Williams (2001). An Introduction to Swaminarayan Hinduism. University Press, Cambridge. m/s. 208. ISBN 0-521-65279-0. Dicapai pada 5 February 2015.
Temple building is a sign of the growth in numbers and the increased prosperity of the Gujarati immigrants...The two decades between 1950 and 1969 were a heady period of success for the Gujaratis of East Africa... Michael Lyon observed that the Gujaratis acquired a new role in the colonial economics of East Africa, and ultimately a tragic one. They became a privileged racial estate under British protection. The Indian population in Kenya increased from 43,625 in 1931 to 176,613 in 1962... More than 80 percent were Gujaratis.
- ^ "Gujarati Kenyans of Kenya". PeopleGroups.org. Dicapai pada 1 March 2017.
- ^ "NHS Profile, Canada, 2011, Census Data". Government of Canada, Statistics Canada. Dicapai pada 4 February 2015.
- ^ M. K. Gandhi (2014). Hind Swaraj: Indian Home Rule. Sarva Seva Sangh Prakashan. Dicapai pada 11 December 2015.
- ^ Minahan, James B. (2012). Ethnic groups of South Asia and the Pacific : an encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. m/s. 90. ISBN 1598846590. Dicapai pada 12 December 2015.
Anti-British sentiment led to a strong Gujarati participation in the Indian independence movement.
- ^ Yagnik, Achyut; Sheth, Suchitra (2005). The shaping of modern Gujarat : plurality, Hindutva, and beyond. New Delhi: Penguin Books. ISBN 0144000385. Dicapai pada 12 December 2015.